GOST 2185 66 interaxal distance. Main parameters of gearboxes with spur gears

Cylindrical gears. main parameters

current This standard applies to cylindrical gears of external gearing for gearboxes and accelerators, including combined ones (conical-cylindrical, cylinder-worm, etc.), made in the form of independent units. The standard does not apply to transmission of special purpose gearboxes and special designs (aviation, ship, planetary, etc.). For internal gears, the standard is recommended.

Text GOST 2185-66

As amended and modified:
Change No. 1 to GOST 2185-66 of 04/01/1978 (the text is integrated into the text or description of the standard)
Change No. 2 to GOST 2185-66 dated 01.01.1983 (the text is integrated into the text or description of the standard)
Change No. 3 to GOST 2185-66 dated 01.01.1993 (the text is integrated into the text or description of the standard)

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GOST 19274-73 Gear gears cylindrical involute internal gearing. Geometry calculation
GOST 28500-90 Synchronous belt drives. Terms and Definitions
GOST 15023-76 Novikov gears are cylindrical with two lines of engagement. Source contour
GOST 17744-72 Novikov gears with two cylindrical gearing lines. Geometry calculation
GOST R ISO 1081-94 V-belt drives. Terms and Definitions
GOST 16530-83 Gearing. General terms, definitions and designations

GOST 2185-66 establishes interaxal distances a W, nominal gear ratios and, gear ratios ψ ba, and gives recommended combinations of interaxal distances and general nominal gear ratios for gear cylindrical gears that are used in general two- and three-stage pump gearboxes, which makes it possible for serial production of gearboxes.

Center distance

The center distance of the gearboxes a w are given in table. 49. The magnitude of the center distance is determined by the calculation of the fatigue contact strength of the tooth surfaces or is chosen constructively depending on the overall dimensions of the driven machine. In the table. 50 and 51 show the interaxal distances recommended by the standard for two- and three-stage gearboxes and their distribution into separate stages.

Table 49

Gearbox spacing, mm

Note. The preferred row is first.

Table 50

Center distance of two-stage three-axis gearboxes, mm

Table 51

Center distance of three-stage gearboxes, mm

Table 52

Notes.

2. For gearboxes that must be kinematically consistent with each other, it is allowed to select gear ratios from the R40 series (GOST 8032-84).

3. The actual values \u200b\u200bof the gear ratios u f should not differ from the nominal by more than 2.5% for and ≤ 4.5 and 4% for and\u003e 4.5.

Table 53

General gear ratios and commonly. two-stage gearboxes

Notes:

2. The actual gear ratios u f should not differ from the nominal by more than 4%.

Table 54

General gear ratios and commonly. three-stage gearboxes

Notes:

1. For all gearboxes, the first row should be preferred to the second.

2. Actual gear ratios and f should not differ from the nominal by more than 4%.

Gear ratios

The nominal gear ratios and must correspond to those indicated in the table. 52.

The distribution of the total gear ratio between the individual gear stages in two- and three-stage gearboxes (Tables 55 and 56) is subject to the same use of the contact strength of the teeth with the same hardness of their surfaces, the same ratios of the width of the teeth of the wheels of all stages and the distribution of the center distance between the individual steps, as given in table. 50 and 5). In two-stage gearboxes with coaxial shafts in the same horizontal plane for a given distribution of gear ratios between the steps, with the same center distances, to fulfill the condition of equal strength it is necessary to use gear wheels with different width coefficients.

Table 55

Distribution of total gear ratios in two-stage three-axis gearboxes on separate gear stages

Table 56

Distribution of general gear ratios in three-stage gearboxes on separate gear stages

Table 57

Distribution of general gear ratios in two-stage biaxial (coaxial) gearboxes with horizontal shafts in the same plane along separate gear stages

If the first stage has a coefficient of width ψ bа \u003d 0.4, then the second stage should have a coefficient ψ ba of at least 0.6 with the same materials of gears and wheels and the hardness of the surfaces of the teeth.

The gear ratios of the individual stages of these gearboxes (Table 53) are set subject to close contact equal strength and the same immersion of the gear wheels of the high-speed and low-speed stages when lubricated by dipping.

Gear width

The width of the gears b depends on the coefficient of width ψ bа: b \u003d ψ bа а w. The values \u200b\u200bof the gear width ratio ψ bа (GOST 2185-66) are given in table. 58.

The values \u200b\u200bof the width of the gears are rounded to the nearest number from the R20 series according to GOST 8032-84. The width of the groove for the exit of the cutting tool in the chevron gears is included in the value of the width b. For different widths of the mating gears, the value of the coefficient ψ bа of a gear wheel with a smaller width is taken.

When choosing the width coefficient ψ ba, it is necessary to take into account the material of the gears and the type of heat treatment, manufacturing accuracy, peripheral speed, the magnitude of the module and axial pitch, the nature of the load, the gearbox design and a number of other factors. It is recommended to choose narrow wheels, since in this case higher manufacturing accuracy is obtained and the uneven distribution of the load across the width caused by the deformation of the shafts and inaccuracies in the manufacture and installation of the gearbox is significantly reduced. For the same reason, it is not recommended to take the ratio of the gear width to the diameter of the pitch circle greater than 2.5.

When the hardness of the tooth surfaces HB ≤ 350, it is recommended to set the hardness of the gear teeth 30 ... 50 units greater than the hardness of the teeth of the wheel. In those cases when the hardness of the gear teeth is much greater than the hardness of the teeth of the wheel, the width of the gear should be 5 ... 10 mm more than the width of the wheel. Otherwise, with a relative displacement of the gear and wheel during operation, an undesirable step is formed on the teeth of the wheel.

When the hardness of the tooth surfaces of both wheels HB ≥ 350, the width of the wheels can be assumed the same. For wheels with cemented teeth hardened from the surface, the width coefficient ψ ba is recommended to be taken no more than 0.4 ... 0.5. When the length of the teeth increases, the errors that occur during processing increase, which leads to great difficulties in obtaining the necessary contact spot.

With surface hardening, warpage of the teeth occurs; with an increase in the width of the wheels, errors in the direction of the teeth increase. In the case of wide wheels, it is better to switch to chevron gearing, since the tooth length of one spiral is about half the total width of the gear wheel and errors in the direction of the teeth are significantly reduced.

In spur and helical gears, the width coefficient ψ ba should be no more than 0.4 ... 0.6. For large values \u200b\u200bof the coefficient ψ ba, it is necessary to apply chevron engagement.

High-speed gears are manufactured with chevron gearing with a width coefficient ψ bа \u003d 0.4 ... 1.0. With the cantilever arrangement of gears and wheels, it is recommended to choose a coefficient of width ψ bа not exceeding 0.4. With a further increase in the width of the wheel (with its cantilever arrangement), the load concentration along the length of the teeth greatly increases and the effect of using the material of the wheels sharply decreases.

Table 58

Gear ratio

Modules

Values \u200b\u200bof modules for spur gears of reducers (GOST 9563-60) are given in table. 59. The magnitude of the module is determined based on the strength of the teeth in bending. If possible, choose the lowest values \u200b\u200bof the modules, since gears with small modules are cut on gear cutting machines with greater accuracy and with a better surface finish, have less weight and less friction losses in engagement. With surface hardening, the shape of their teeth is less distorted and a good and faster engagement break-in is obtained.

If the gear should work at maximum contact stresses, it is recommended to increase the value of the module obtained by calculating the bend by 10 ... 15%, since when grinding the surfaces of the teeth, their cross section is weakened and a tooth fracture can occur.

Table 59

Values \u200b\u200bof modules t, mm

Note. When assigning module values, the first row is preferable.

Tooth line tilt angles

The angle of inclination of the teeth in helical gears should be 8 ... 10 0. In helical gears with a tooth angle of more than 10 °, it is necessary to install either angular contact bearings with an increased contact angle, or in addition to a support with a radial bearing, an additional thrust bearing must be installed, which increases the cost of construction and requires more reliable and complex mechanical mounting of bearings on shafts and housings .

The reduction of the angle of inclination of the teeth, especially in narrow wheels with a coefficient of width ψ bа 0,2 ... 0Д is undesirable, since the magnitude of the axial pitch can be greater than the width of the wheel. As a result of this, the axial overlap coefficient will be less than unity and the transmission will work less smoothly, with high dynamic loads, which will lead to rapid wear and defects on the tooth surfaces.

For established by GOST center distance in the table. 60 shows the total number of teeth z ∑ and the angle of inclination of the teeth β on the dividing cylinder at certain intervals of gear ratios and modules in normal section. These values \u200b\u200bare recommended for a coefficient of width ψ bа ≥ 0.4 for uncorrigated and corrected gearing with a shift coefficient of x 1 \u003d -x 2 respectively for gears and wheels, but can also be used for ψ ba< 0,4, но с проверкой, указанной в примечании к табл. 60.

The selection of the number of gear teeth of the gear and wheel, depending on the adopted total number of teeth z ∑ and gear ratio, can be performed according to the table. 62.

Table 60

Parameters of gears with helical gears at ψ b а ≥ 0.4 (gearing uncorrected or corrected with a shift coefficient x 1 \u003d -x 2)

For chevron wheels, the angle of inclination of the teeth β is 25 ... 35 0. Recommended gear settings with chevron wheels with uncorrigated or corrected gearing with a shift coefficient x 1 \u003d -x 2 respectively for gears and wheels with a width coefficient ψ ba\u003e 0.125 are given in table. 61, where for standard interaxal distances the total number of teeth z ∑ of the mating gear z 1 and wheels z 2 and the angle of inclination of the teeth β according to the accepted engagement modulus m in the gear ratio range are shown. The selection of the number of gear teeth z 1 and the number of gear teeth z 2 depending on the received total number of teeth z ∑ and gear ratio and transmission is performed according to table. 62, where in the numerator the number of teeth of the wheel z 2 is set, and in the denominator is the total number of teeth z z of the mating gears and wheels. For each gear ratio, the smallest values \u200b\u200bof z 2 / z приведены are shown in the top row and the largest, corresponding to the permissible gear ratios, in the bottom row. In the interval of the smallest and largest values \u200b\u200bof the number of teeth z 2 / z ∑ there can be any integer from the specified interval.

Continuation of the table. 60

Note. Individual combinations of values \u200b\u200bα W, Z ∑, m; β can also be used with ψ ba< 0,4, но с проверкой соблюдения условия

Table 61

Gear parameters with chevron wheels at ψ ba ≥ 0.125 (gearing uncorrigated or corrected with a shift coefficient x 1 \u003d -x 2)

Continuation of the table. 61

It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that when selecting the number of gear teeth of a gear or wheel within 100 teeth, almost all gear cutting machines can cut wheels with any number of teeth. When the number of gear teeth or wheels is more than 100, it is necessary to check the possibility of cutting them on gear cutting machines. For example, with z 1 \u003d 50 and u \u003d 2.5 according to the table. 62 it is possible to use all the values \u200b\u200bof the total number of teeth from 172 to 178 inclusive, which correspond to the values \u200b\u200bof the number of teeth of the wheels z 2 from 122 to 128 inclusive. The number of teeth of the wheel z 2 \u003d 127, as the initial number, or not apply or check the possibility of cutting according to the passport of the gear cutting machine.

The use of tooth numbers less than 17 is permissible after checking for missing teeth. Permissible deviations of gear ratios in table. 62 are within, as indicated in Note 3 to Table. 52.

* Reprint (November 1993) as Amended No. 1, 2, 3, approved in April 1978, June 1982, December 1991 (ICS 6-78, 10-82, 5-92)

Approved by the Committee of Standards, Measures and Measuring Instruments under the Council of Ministers of the USSR October 17, 1966

from 01.01.68

Tested in 1982

1. This standard applies to cylindrical gears of external gearing for gearboxes and accelerators, including combined (conical-cylindrical, cylinder-worm, etc.), made in the form of independent units.

The standard does not apply to gears of special purpose gearboxes and special designs (aviation, ship, planetary, etc.).

For integrated gears, the standard is recommended.

The standard fully complies with ST SEV 229-75.

The requirements of this standard, with the exception of clause 5, are mandatory.

(Amended edition, Amendment No. 1, 3).

2. Center distances a ω must correspond to those indicated in table. 1.

3. Nominal gear ratios andmust correspond to those indicated in table. 2.

Table 1

Continuation of the table. 1

Notes:

2. For products whose production was mastered before January 1, 1978, the manufacture of gears with an axle distance of 225 mm is allowed.

(Amended edition, Amendment No. 1, 2).

table 2

Continuation of the table. 2

Notes:

2. In gearboxes, which must be kinematically consistent with each other, it is allowed to select gear ratios from the R40 series according to GOST 8032-84.

3. Actual gear ratios should not differ from the nominal ones by more than 2.5% for n £ 4.5 and 4% for n\u003e 4.5.

4. The ratio of the width of the gears ( b - the width of the rim of the cylindrical gear) should be selected from the range: 0,100; 0.125; 0.160; 0,200; 0.250; 0.315; 0.400; 0,500; 0.630; 0.800; 1.0; 1.25.

Notes:

1. Numerical values \u200b\u200bof the width of the gears are rounded to the nearest number from the series Ra 20 according to GOST 6636-69.

2. The width of the groove for the output of the cutting tool in the chevron gears is included in the value b.

3. For different widths of the rims of the mating spur gears, the value ψ ha refers to the narrower of them.

3, 4. (Amended edition, Amendment No. 2).

5. For two- and three-stage non-axial gearboxes of general purpose, the ratios of the interaxal distances of a low-speed stage to a high-speed one within the range of 1.25 - 1.4 are recommended.

(Revised edition, rev.. № 3).

ATTACHMENT(Excluded, Amendment No. 3).

GOST 2185-66 *
(ST SEV 229-75)

Group G15

STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR

TRANSMISSIONS GEAR CYLINDER

main parameters

Spur gearings. Basic parameters

Date introduced 1968-01-01

APPROVED by the Committee of Standards, Measures and Measuring Instruments under the Council of Ministers of the USSR on October 17, 1966. The deadline for introduction is 01.01.68

TESTED in 1982

REPLACE GOST 2185-55

* Reprint (November 1993) as amended by Nos. 1, 2, 3, approved in April 1978, June 1982, December 1991 (IMS 6-78, 10-82, 5-92)

1. This standard applies to cylindrical gears of external gearing for gearboxes and accelerators, including combined (conical-cylindrical, cylinder-worm, etc.), made in the form of independent units.

The standard does not apply to gears of special purpose gearboxes and special designs (aviation, ship, planetary, etc.).

For integrated gears, the standard is recommended.

The standard fully complies with ST SEV 229-75.

The requirements of this standard, with the exception of clause 5, are mandatory.

(Amended edition, Amendment N 1, 3).

2. The center distance should correspond to those indicated in table 1.

3. Nominal gear ratios shall be as specified in Table 2.

Table 1

Continuation of table 1

Notes:

2. For products whose production was mastered before January 1, 1978, the manufacture of gears with an axle distance of 225 mm is allowed.

(Amended edition, Amendment N 1, 2).

Table 2

Continuation of Table 2

Notes:

2. In gearboxes, which must be kinematically consistent with each other, it is allowed to select gear ratios from the R40 series according to GOST 8032-84.

3. Actual gear ratios should not differ from the nominal by more than 2.5% at 4.5 and 4% at 4.5.

4. The ratio of the width of the gears (- the width of the rim of the cylindrical gear) should be selected from the range: 0,100; 0.125; 0.160; 0,200; 0.250; 0.315; 0.400; 0,500; 0.630; 0.800; 1.0; 1.25.

Notes:

1. Numerical values \u200b\u200bof the width of the gears are rounded to the nearest number from the series Ra 20 according to GOST 6636-69.

2. The width of the groove for the output of the cutting tool in the chevron gears is included in the value.

3. With different widths of the rims of the mating spur gears, the value refers to the narrower one.

3, 4. (Amended edition, Amendment No. 2).

5. For two- and three-stage non-coaxial gearboxes of general purpose, the ratios of the interaxal distances of a low-speed stage to a high-speed one within the range of 1.25-1.4 are recommended.

(Amended edition. Amendment No. 3).

APPENDIX (Excluded, Amendment No. 3).

Electronic text of the document
prepared by Codex CJSC and verified against:
official publication
M .: Publishing house of standards, 1994

STATE STANDARD

UNION SSR

TRANSMISSIONS GEAR CYLINDER

MAIN PARAMETERS

GOST 2185-66 (ST SEV 229-75)

Official Edition

PUBLISHING HOUSE OF STANDARDS Moscow

UDC 621.833.1.05:006,354 Group G! 5

STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR

GEAR CYLINDER TRANSMISSIONS 2185-66 *

main parameters

(ST SEV 229-75\u003e

Basic parameters _

GOST 2185-55

Approved by the Committee of Standards, Measures and Measuring Instruments under the Council of Ministers of the USSR October 17, 1966

Tested in 1982

1. This standard applies to cylindrical gears of external gearing for gearboxes and accelerators, including combined (conical-cylindrical, cylinder-worm, etc.), made in the form of independent units.

The standard * does not apply to transmissions of special purpose gearboxes and special designs (aircraft * ship, planetary, etc.).

For integrated gears, the standard is recommended.

The standard fully complies with ST SEV 229-75.

The requirements of this standard, with the exception of clause 5, are mandatory.

(Amended edition, Amendment No. 1, 3).

2. The center distance a s must correspond to those indicated in the table. 1.

3. The nominal gear ratios and must correspond to those indicated in the table. 2.

Official Edition Reprint prohibited

* Reprint (November 1993) e Changes A * /, 2, 3, approved in April 1978, June 1982 $ 1991, (ICC 6-78, 10-82, 5-92)

mm table!

mm Continuation of the table. 1

Notes:

2. For products whose production was mastered before January 1, 1978, the manufacture of gears with an interaxial distance of 2S5 mm is allowed.

(Amended edition, Amendment No. 1, 2).

mm table 2

Notes:

2. In gearboxes that must be kinematically consistent with each other, it is allowed to select gear ratios of the NS series R40 according to GOST 8033-84.

3. Actual gear ratios should not differ from the nominal ones by more than 2.5% for * ^ 4.5 and 4% ari k\u003e 4.5.

4. The coefficient of the width of the gears phi a \u003d - (& ■ -width-

on the rim of the spur gear) should be selected from the range: 0; 100; 0.125; 0.160; 0,200; 0.250; 0.315; 0.400; 0,500; 0.630; 0.800; 1.0; 1.25.

Notes:

1 Numerical values \u200b\u200bof the width of the gears are rounded to the nearest number from the series Ra 20 according to GOST 6636-69.

2. The width of the groove for the exit of the cutting tool in the chevron gears is included in the value of b.

3 With different widths of the rims of the mating spur gears, the phi value refers to the narrower of them.

3, 4. (Amended edition, Amendment No. 2).

5. For two- and three-stage non-coaxial gearboxes of general purpose, the ratios of the interaxal distances of a low-speed stage to a high-speed one within the range of 1.25-1.4 are recommended.

(Amended edition, Izm. No. 3).

APPENDIX (Excluded, Amendment, No. 3).

Editor A. J7. Vladimirov Technical editor V.N. Prusakova Proofreader A.S. Chernousova

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