Growing the Californian worm at home. Californian worms - American rainworm breed
When I took a killed land for the construction of a house in the city and under the cultivation of vegetables in the village, I did not meet any rainwater worm in this earth. All subsequent years regularly introduced, and now in the city in my soil I find the rainworms of four species, and in the field that I didn't know a plow for many years and on which I bring 200 bags every year, there are six types of rainworms.
When we dig for a pitchfork, grandchildren play a game who will find more potatoes, and who is more worms. Now they find up to 20 tubers in the hole and thirty rainworms different color.
Beginners worth buying biohumus
If a beginner asks me, what to spend money to quickly get a harvest on the murdered earth, I will say: "Buy ready-made from a reliable manufacturer and make it in the soil, in the wells before planting plants."
- Only biohumus quickly cures the soil, and manure and poor soils in the first years increase diseases.
- Only biohumus will correctly feed the plants, and the manure will strengthen the power imbalance and cause the oppression of soil fungi.
- Only biohumus I. vermicofe The soil fertility will quickly, will form soil biodiversity and increase the percentage of soil humus, improve its structure, and the various growth of plants will simply be temporarily spurred.
Worms as much as rotting organic
The rainwill does not eat a living plant. It does not damage (like) a live root and (like a living leaf. The leaf must fall and bend, and the root is to perform and neglect. And when it will prepare mushrooms and bacteria, a worm and proceeds to the meal. How many types of rotting organic matter, so many types of soil worms.
In Australia, the worms weigh a kilogram, the aquarists are bred on the rotting bulk of small enhitra, and small roots eaten microscopic.
The difference in them is only in size and taste preferences, and the essence of one: begin to process the bacteria and mushrooms into the soil and into the soil, then worms swallow it. Worms, like the stomach cow, create conditions for good work with microorganisms, because in the cavity of the organic cavity is crushed, turns over, is saturated with oxygen, moisture, amino acids and sugars of worm secrets, and therefore processed a thousand times faster.
Worm is a compost pile in miniature
We are compost looser (give oxygen), we moisturize, follow the composition, temperature, on 25 parts of carbon give 1 part of nitrogen. The same and worm: Takes the leaf the sweetest, drags him in a mink, where heat and wet, chews, covers mucus, sucks available substances for the construction of their body (and these substances give it symbiotic mushrooms and bacteria) and highlights the ballast in the form of coproins.
We are from the worm and you need this ballast - coprolitis. After all, for millions of years, the evolution of worms and plants, the latter learned to give the worms of the OPEAD in the form of root secrets and foliage, and those - to supply coprolites for plants, store out of the thousands of necessary plants of mineral and organic substances in an affordable form.
What feeds satisfied and pasta worms
We see only large rainwood worms - crawls. Or in manure - red dung worms. We all were interested in fishing in childhood and think that this is the main worms. But for the soil there are no main and secondary, there are millions of forms of life and the Commonwealth.- There are worms living in the litter of forests, they do not build holes;
- there are chicken worms: night grabbed a leaf and hooked in a mink;
- there are wandering worms, live deep in the black soil, they are not even a plow.
What do such steam worms eat? After all, in the depths of the leaves there. Everything is simple. From above, the cow gave a manure, it is eaten by dull worms and cooked coprols. The grass died, foliage fell, her underlining worms eat and give coprolitis. The deposits of coprolites are not only large worms, but also small enchitra and nematodes - this is the black earth earth.
The cow is unprofitable to absorb all substances from the grass, she is enough for affordable sugars and proteins. Therefore, the remains of the organic after the cow eat navigas. Similarly, the coprols of the insuries eat pasta worms. They eat the soil, eat, recycle it further, deeper and distinguish their coproins. If the Minerals are in humus in humus, the minerals are not available for the roots, then after the work of the ramps, the plants receive a magnificent fresh biohumus. Gumus disappears, and the harvest is growing - carbon cycle in nature does not stop.
How people are friends with worms
The wisdom of evolution in this is: in the steppe areas, the humus layer in the soil reaches two meters, and in the glitstic forests, the layer of litter in the form of foliage and grass also beats records on the reserves of the organics. In each of these zones, their worms, its own processors of the organic matter.A person can move this body at a convenient place for himself to grow cultivated plants, and there it process new consumers, new worms, if they are not disturbed and not etched.
I was always attracted by the fact of the creation of the terra Prett on the shores of Amazon. On poor clay, with permanent tropical rains of the organic agent in the soil did not accumulate. But the Indians were made to the beds, waste from the table and the leaves of palm trees. And in this organcient, a giant worm appeared, which grinding and coal, and the fiber of palm trees, and the nitrogenous organic of the toilets, formed coprolites, which did not blur the rain. A self-healing soil community has been formed. The percentage of stable humus in such soils still beats records.
My Californians are wild
When I started using the Soviets of the neighbors to put the manure under, the worms were not, and I purchased California worms - 40 years ago, they began to go into fashion. On the beds, they, of course, did not fit, but were wild and still live in old chlevue, where sheep lived for a long time. It is standing near the shed in the spring to lean the bags with the manure, as the autumn is sisted in them with red navigation worms, and in the bag - ready-made loose biohumus.I do not care, these are Californian hybrids or it is a local red rainworm. He got involved, works - and well done. "Mice" catches. But I stopped making a manure under the people, and the soil is a varied organotier from above.
If I feed the bags into the garden or put in the thickets, they are satisfied with the cracks of different colors and size, but there are no dung worms. These bags, I come out in the field, I scatter under potatoes and vegetables or in the garden under the trees, but I understand: in every soil, not those worms will take place, what I want to multiply, but those who themselves want to multiply in new conditions and new food. I just give them freedom of choice. And here in a compost pile I can add the worms you need:
- If I need highlyAzotic compostI add to a bunch of more, and food waste, sometimes feed, and pour a bag with red dung worms.
- If I need high carbon organizer for garden, I add a hay, a straw, a litter from animals and pour the bag with the worms of soil-undermined and normal. In both cases, compost is faster and better quality.
Coprors of worms - perfect compost
Compost with worms betterthan compost, recycled in a pile without worms. Worms create soil units in the form of lumps. They are water absorb, consist of a frame of plants fibers connected by lime bridge and glued mucus. This is the perfect long-playing fertilizer..
But if the worm is in place, closer to the roots of the plant processes the organic, then the effect is tripled: fresh coproles for the plant is better than created in a heap. They still continue to work microorganisms from the cavity of the worm and enzymes, they continue to form active. They include not only organic fibers, but also crushed clay and or etched particles. This is no longer compost, but a black earth earth.
Worms loose soil
Worms make holes up to 1-2 meters. Not every root will try his way to such a depth, and on the tunnels he goes well, because with the rain in these tunnels is entered by humus soil from the upper layers, and there are many coproins, and the air goes to a large depth.
Coprors of worms saturate the soil with humic acids, and these are the centers of the soil-forming processes. It is in the humats that there are active centers, minerals, cations and anions, rare, but very active trace elements cling to them. So, the humats falling into the soil turn into very active catalysts that accelerate soil formation hundreds of times. Therefore, we see how plants come to life, watered with hinders from biohumus. And if the fresh biohumus is added to the soil, then it will work for a long time. And microorganisms, and enzymes will continue to process the organic in humus, feed the roots of the plant and improve the structure of the soil.
Humus is soft and fibrous
Navigation worms, processing nutritional waste and nitrogenous grass, give soft humus. It is very affordable food for root, they consume it almost completely and leave little long-playing humus.BUT soil-undermined worms give fibrous humusHis plants consume slowly, but it improves soil fertility in the long run.
But it must be remembered if there are few organic in the soil, then the worms will not help, they themselves will feed on the remains of the organicists and will die quickly. It may be difficult, but without an understanding of these mechanisms it is impossible to correctly revive the killed soils.
Useful mushrooms and bacteria in the worms
The worm lives in a heaps of rotting organodes, he himself, and thousands of rotary bacteria and mushrooms, must change it, eat it. Who helps him survive? and. Half-grains live in his cavity, semi-breeding - aktinomycets.. Thanks to actinomycetes producing antibiotic substances, the rain worms do not hurt with nothing, and fresh coproins or hoods of them treat soil from bacterial infections.In the cavity of the worm live not only useful mushrooms that are struggling with harmful bacteria, there are useful bacteria - pseudomonadawhich protect the worm and soil, producing natural, overwhelming grinding mushrooms. Mushrooms and bacteria are struggling with each other, it uses worms, it should be used.
I am a doctor and using Penicillin, isolated from mold for the treatment of streptococcal infection, and nystatin, isolated from streptomycetes, for the treatment of fungal infections.
Vermicompost long stored, perfectly powers plants and structures the soil, but does not have an antibiotic property, so only worms working next to the plant are doctors for roots.
In the cavity of the worms of thousands of types of microorganisms, nitrogen intimators play a crucial role. The worm, having highlight the coprols, has already satuned them with nitrogen salts, but further nitrogen powders continue to work, take nitrogen from the air and turn it into salt-available for plants.
These knowledge of the gardener can use: less apply, killing all living things, and use worms and their products to protect plants from.
How to attract useful worms to your site?
Yes, just as a smart gardener attracts useful bacteria and useful mushrooms on the site.He does not listen to the Soviets "Guru" - they say, it is necessary to plant a rare mushroom type to plant under the apple trees according to "sawdust technology", and simply annually more leaf And dry grass brings to the garden, and mushrooms are definitely growing. Mushrooms are not growing there, where we planted them, and where they themselves want.
An intelligent gardener mulches their beds with manure, compost, chip, is smaller digging and makes mineral water. It does not seek to buy more and apply EM preparations. And the necessary bacteria will definitely form their ecosystem and will go into symbiosis with roots of plants. There will be a stable admission of organic, and useful bacteria will protect the roots from rot.
So worms! There will be a stable mulching of the garden by organica (the more diverse, the better) - and necessarily after mushrooms and bacteria will appear new elicids of this organic matter - worms of all types and sizes. They will fill all the food niches, bring useful actinomycetes and pseudomonads in their intestines and restore the fertility of your soil.
You will begin your grandchildren to find in every potato well in the top ten rainwood - it means you are a reasonable gardener.
I give information about the worms of the Californian Blog Vitaly Forzko ( moyhytor.Wordpress.com/2015/07/12/Arasnya-Kalifornia-Dell) :
Red California worm
More farmers of ancient Egypt saw in the rainworms the key to future yields. Aristotel called them the intestines of the Earth. And this is true: flowing through your intestine the land and plant residues, worms enrich the soil.
Only in the 50s of the 20th century there was a question about breeding worms specifically, as producers of very valuable, environmentally friendly fertilizer. The concept of "vermicultura" appeared - the culture of breeding worms. A red California worm was bred, which is used to create vermicultures.
What is California worm?
Among all types of rainwoods that exist in the world, only a few can be breeding in artificial conditions.
But the most versatile in their characteristics and most economically attractive are worms relating to the form of "red worms".
Red rainwill usually has the commercial name "California", since it is in the state of California of the United States of America that intensive cultivation in the fifties of the last century began.
Among different speciesReceived as a result of various selection, red worm, obtained by American Barrett, as a result of selection of an ordinary dung worm, is successfully reproduced.
California red worm is a new breed of Eisenia Foetida rainworm. It was received at the University of California, as a result of hybridization of various rainworm breeds, in 1959.
Its length is up to 10 cm., Diameter 3-5 mm, body weight about 1 g., The appearance of a new generation after 21 days, the offensive of puberty in 90-120 days. The offspring of two worms can reach 1.5 thousand individuals per year. After 40 days, the population of worms dwells.
Biomass worm contains a whole complex of biologically valuable substances and is used for feeding all kinds of animals and fish, both in the cheese and in a recycled form.
Value of feed when adding a biomass worm increases by 20-25%. The worm is also processed into protein flour containing 67% protein and 20% fat. Flour besides other amino acids contains especially valuable - lysine 8%, methionine 3%.
Protein flour is more efficiently used for the production of feeds, like a dietary supplement.
Features of California worm:
Various life expectancy and fertility of the forest rain and red California worm.
1. Name; 2. Life expectancy, years; 3. The frequency of copulation, day; 4. The number of newborns in the cocoon.
California red worm - (16) (7) (2-21);
Forest rainworm (8000 different species) - (4) (45) (1-4);
Habitat - special, saturated with organic compounds substrate (manure, composts, organic waste and garbage), but not soil.
The long-liver - lives for 16 years, postponing 20 cocoons for the season.
The day eats 2 times more than weighs himself.
Not anywhere asleep from the boxes in which it is bred.
The mixtures in which worms live must be wet. To preserve moisture, contain containers of a piece of polyethylene.
Food should add an extended egg powder or lime, as the worms do not like sour subtracts.
They can be breeding as in an industrial scaleand in the apartment, on the balcony and in the country area.
Breeding of the California Red Worm.
"Californiaz" is a beautiful "pet." It can be placed in a box made of wood or plywood, even in a cardboard, but from the inside the polyethylene-free, in the glass old aquarium, in the plastic box.
Akunral Society closed type Fart "recommends three plastic containers: the first - with a solid bottom, the second and third - with a holey bottom. All containers are inserted one to another. Below - with a solid bottom.
The procedure for working with these containers is the following:
In the container with a solid bottom, fasten clean dry sand. I put a hole container on it.
To this container, we put a layer of "live" land or a layer of fertile garden soil - layer 1 cm, we put the food substrate with a layer of 3 - 5 cm on top, then we drink the food layer of the "New Earth" or a powder from the egg shell above the living ground layer or Soil - 1 cm.
Worms are put on the surface of the soil. The cooked substrate is moistened. The climb of the substrate, if it is squeezed in the hand, does not scatter when the fist is quenched.
Top of covering containers of polyethylene containers. When the substrate is reworked in a hole container, we put the 3rd container, charged in the same way as the 2nd.
After 1.5 - 2 months, all the worms from the container will interfly into the 3rd container and start working in it. In the 2nd container, biohumus was formed, which can be used. Thus, changing the containers, we get a fertile biohumus.
Sand in the lower container after a while it becomes very humid, moisture accumulates in it, formed as a result of working worms. Sand with moisture is also a useful additive to soil soils. Wet sand should be changed to dry.
If there is no possibility to purchase the described containers, you can do the above-mentioned capacities. At the bottom necessarily put sand - it is a drainage. Then the soil layer is 1 - 2 cm, a layer of nutritional waste 3 - 5 cm, again layer of soil 1 - 2 cm.
In the food waste added a little ground egg shell - "Californians" do not like an acidic environment.
Separate biohumus from such capacities is harder than from containers. You can hold the worms on the hungry soldering for a while, and then in a certain place to put food, all the worms will interfly in this places about.
Such containers are convenient to use to save california worm In winter, so that in the summer to move it into the garden or garden.
Than feed Californian worm house?
Cleaning from raw vegetables, especially potatoes, it is necessary to grind thoroughly (turn through the meat grinder), otherwise they will not be recycled.
Perfectly processed:
Bananas skins;
Citrus Peel;
Scraps apples;
Speit tea and a thick of coffee;
Moldy bread, bread crusts and bread;
Paving remains, cheese pieces;
Rotten tomatoes, apples and other waste of plant origin.You can feed worms with grass and leaves. Meat waste feed worms is not recommended.
How to feed regularly?
When you have containers, feeding intervals 1.5 - 2 months, i.e. feed when charging the container. In single capacles, we give little by little after 2 - 3 days, trying to feed so that the non-perfumered subtracts is not accumulated.
Wave life in the wild.
In May, "Californian" you can relocate on the street, to a compost bunch of domestic garbage, rewinding manure, weeds. Recommended for a standard "bed", on a ridge of 2 x 1 m from 30 to 100 thousand worms.
The worms are placed on a bunch prepared in advance, composed of a well-projected manure mixed with sawdust, straw, can be used for weed feed. Each 10 days add food.
Composts water depending on the weather 2 - 3 times a week. By the end of the season we get a wonderful biohumus.
Breeding on a livestock farm
What is better to produce biohumus?
The substrate should consist of approximately 2/3 of the manure, 1/3 of the peat plus siderial additives or straw. In this case, the yield of biohumus will be the largest.
Wintering
For the winter, it is necessary to hide the "worm" with a half-meter straw layer, since, unlike Russian congor, California does not go to the winter in a depth, and can freeze if not to accept measures.
Another serious danger to worms - mouse and mouse, which willingly eat worms. It makes sense in winter to keep the "insurance" stock of the house or in a warm room.
Substratus processing cycle
The processing cycle of the substrate in the trays is usually about 5 months, and the amount of worms increase in five ... Ten times, depending on the care of maintenance optimal conditions. If adult worms are separated every 2 months, you can speed up the reproduction of the vermiculture.
Advantages and disadvantages
Red California worm reaches puberty at the age of three months, when it can be considered completely mature.
Two apologies of the rainwater worm per year can produce an average of 1,500 young worms at quite normal conditions of temperate climate. Thus, one pair annually produces 3,000 young worms for five generations.
This vapor grown in the optimal medium at a constant average temperature, constant and controlled humidity, the presence of acceptable food and sufficient water, can produce from 7 to 10 young worms for each capsule and up to 20-21 young worm when they are breeding in a greenhouse.
From a conventional rainworm, California worm is characterized by higher life activity and the ability to faster and fully recycle food. As a result of the processing of one ton of the substrate, about 600 kg of biohumus is obtained, and the growth of worms biomass is 100 kg.
As noted above, the only drawback of the California worm - he is too warm.
He is weakened by the instinct of self-preservation at negative temperatures and therefore, when cooling the habitat environment, the California worm does not go deep into the ground to the depth of freezing, and is assembled in one place in large quantities and freezes well.
So, if you are going to breed this type of worm, you should take care of good worm with a positive temperature in winter or will have to warm the boots when growing on the street.
Here is a significant useful information:
note
It should be borne in mind that adult worms are very difficult to teach to the new food. This is firmly associated with their biological feature - worms are programmed to consume food immediately after birth, so it cannot be used to another.
Therefore, buying technological worms, you need to consider this risk. Severe new substrates follow only cocoons of worms, then hatching, worms will be tuned for the processing of only this type of food.
Helpful advice
Wintering Californian worms can be made in the following way - to dig up the deepening with a diameter of 1.5 - 2 meters and a depth of about 20 cm, in the late autumn, to load the worms into it and fall asleep with the foliage layer 50 cm. The control party should be stored in the cellar in the cutter of 2-3 buckets .
I do not believe that in the middle lane of Russia worms California will survive under the layer of leaves with a thickness of 50-m. Cm. - You can check if the worms are not sorry.
I believe that it makes sense to try to grow and worms California to make a personal representation of them, but basically should be focused on growing local rainwood worms, worms dendroben worms.
I invite everyone to speak
Introduction
More farmers of ancient Egypt saw in the rainworms the key to future yields. Aristotel called them the intestines of the Earth. And this is true: flowing through your intestine the land and plant residues, worms enrich the soil.
Biohumus obtained from worms selection has the following qualities:
Excellent fertilizer, in 1 gram - 1.7 x 1017 of all sorts of microorganisms, mainly actinomycetes and nitrogenation.
Lack of pathogenic microorganisms
Provide a stimulating effect on the plant, due to the presence of biostimulants.
The concentration of calcium and magnesium increases 2 times, phosphorus is 7 times, potassium - in 10, the content of humic acids increases several times.
Only in the 50s of our century there was a question about breeding worms specifically, as producers of very valuable, environmentally friendly fertilizer. The concept of "vermicultura" appeared - the culture of breeding worms. A red California worm was bred, which is used to create vermicultures.
What is California worm?
California red worm - the new breed worm breed Eisenia Foetida .. was obtained at the University of California, as a result of hybridization of various rainworm breeds in 1959.
Features of the California Worm:
1. The habitat is a special, saturated with organic compounds substrate (manure, composts, organic waste and garbage) but not soil.
2. The long-lived - lives for 16 years, postponing 20 cocoons for the season.
3. The day eats 2 times more than weighs himself.
4. It does not pay anywhere from the boxes in which it is bred.
5. Temperature range in which the worm normally exists - from plus 4 to plus 40 degrees.
Biohumus can be breed both on an industrial scale and in the apartment, on the balcony and in the country area.
Californian Red Worm Breeding
"Californiaz" is a beautiful "pet." It can be placed in a box made of wood or plywood, even in a cardboard, but from the inside the polyethylene-free, in the glass old aquarium, in the plastic box. The Action Society of Closed Type "Fart" recommends three containers from plastics: the first - with a solid bottom, the second and third - with a holey bottom. All containers are inserted one to another. Below - with a solid bottom.
The procedure for working with these containers is as follows:
In the container with a solid bottom, fasten clean dry sand. I put a hole container on it. In this container, we put a layer of "live" land (sold in stores, produced by Fart ") or a layer of fertile garden soil - 1cm layer, on top of a food substrate with a layer of 3 - 5 cm, then drink the food layer of the New Earth (company's product "FART") or a powder from the eggshell, on top of a layer of "living earth" or soil - 1cm. Worms are put on the surface of the soil. The cooked substrate is moistened. The climb of the substrate, if it is squeezed in the hand, does not scatter when the fist is quenched. Top of covering containers of polyethylene containers.
When the substrate is reworked in a hole container, we put the 3rd container, charged in the same way as the 2nd.
After 1.5 - 2 months, all the worms from the container will interfly into the 3rd container and start working in it. In the 2nd container, biohumus was formed, which can be used. Thus, changing the containers, we get a fertile biohumus.
Sand in the lower container after a while it becomes very humid, moisture accumulates in it, formed as a result of working worms. Sand with moisture is also a useful additive to soil soils. Wet sand should be changed to dry.
If there is no possibility to purchase the described containers, you can do the above-mentioned capacities. On the bottom necessarily put sand - it is a drainage. Then the soil layer is 1 - 2 cm, a layer of food waste 3 - 5 cm, again layer of soil 1 - 2 cm. In the food waste, a slightly hammer of the egg shell is added - "Californians" do not like an acidic environment. Separate biohumus from such capacities is harder than from containers. You can hold the worms on the hungry solder for a while, and then in a certain place to put food, all the worms will overwhelm in this place. Such containers are convenient to use to preserve the California worm in winter, so that in the summer to move it into the garden or garden.
What is feeding the Californian worm of the house? Cleaning from raw vegetables, especially potatoes, it is necessary to grind thoroughly (turn through the meat grinder), otherwise they will not be recycled.
Perfectly recycled:
Bananas skins;
Citrus Peel;
Scraps apples;
Speit tea and a thick of coffee;
Moldy bread, bread crusts and bread;
Paving remains, cheese pieces;
Rotten tomatoes, apples and other waste of plant origin.
You can feed worms with grass and leaves. Meat waste feed worms is not recommended.
How to feed regularly?
When you have containers, feeding intervals 1, 5 - 2 months, i.e. feed when charging the container. In single containers, we give little by little after 2 - 3 days, trying to feed so that the non-recycled substrate is not accumulated.
California worms work "on the will"
In May, the "Californian" can be relocated to the street, to a compost bunch of domestic garbage, overwhelmed manure, weeds. Recommended for a standard "bed", on a ridge of 2 x 1 m from 30 to 100 thousand worms. The worms are placed on a bunch prepared in advance, composed of a well-projected manure mixed with sawdust, straw, can be used for weed feed.
Each 10 days add food. Composts water depending on the weather 2 - 3 times a week. By the end of the season we get a wonderful biohumus. Winter California worms should be warm. They are placed in warm sheds, special boxes or they winter at home, in an urban apartment.
conclusions
California red worms are not demanding in content. In compliance with certain conditions, it is perfectly multiplied and a fertile biohumus is produced.
To remember
1) To contain worms in the winter follows in warm rooms, although they can live at a temperature of plus 4 to plus 40 degrees, operate actively at air temperature plus 15 - 25 degrees.
2) The mixtures in which the worms live must be necessarily wet. To preserve moisture, contain containers of a piece of polyethylene.
3) It follows only vegetable residues. Meat waste to exclude from the diet. Potato cleaning must be chopped.
4) Food should be added to the elastic egg powder, worms do not like sour subtracts.
St. Petersburg Farmers Assistance Service
List of used literature
1) L. Genkin "Bioconversion goes" g. Chemistry and life, number 4, 1991
2) M. NVV "Cerves - Visories". Chemistry and life, number 12, 1990
3) "Let the worm work" Actual society of closed type "Fart" St. Petersburg 1995.
The breeding of worms is a profitable business type, subject to stable sales points. It does not require large start-up capitalTherefore, risks in this case are minimal. California worms are distinguished by the rapid reproduction and large life expectancy. Breeding at home precisely this species is the topic of today's discussion.
California worm appeared as a result of the diligent work of American breeders. The year of his birth was 1959. The animal body was painted into a dark red color, reaches a length of 6-9 cm, and in thickness - 3-5 mm. The red Californian worm lives longer longer than the usual rain.
Business on the reproduction of Californian worms
For base own business It is necessary to buy red worms and fill the suitable containers of a specially created substrate. In nutrition, they are unpretentious and able to rebuilt on the processing of almost any plant residues.
From other raindling worms, California differ:
Large life expectancy - up to 16 years;
fertility - 500-fold and more reproduction per year;
easy adaptability to changing the diet;
Increased activity in food processing.
Before creating a vermifermic at home, it is necessary to clearly realize who is interested in products and assess the level of competition in their area. Sales are subject to directly Sami California worms produced by them biohumus and extract from it (Vermay). According to the value of the composition of the "worm" fertilizer hundreds of times greater than the manure.
The main directions of sales of vermifermic products:
Farmers and subsidiaries buy fertilizer worms and worms themselves to enrich the soil.
Fishermen constantly acquire live worms for use as a bait for fish.
Pet shops and farms on breeding birds and fish are interested in buying volumetric batches of nutrient worms for use as food.
Preparation of a place for Californian worms at home
A small home vermifermic should be located in a quiet and necessarily dark place. At home, it can be a basement, a balcony or a suitable angle of the apartment. Depending on the initial amount of worms, it is necessary to choose a suitable container. Given the rapid increase in the number of Californian worms, you should choose a container with a margin of space or prepare additional containers for resettlement of a piece of slippery pets.
There is no special difference, from which they will be made - wood or plastic. It is important that the containers had holes for circulating air and flow of extra water. Under the worm house must be pallet. From above you need to cover the bed with a loose tissue.
To create vermiferms at home any air-permeable container is suitable
If other varieties of worms can be breed in a heap under open sky, then "Californians" this option is not very suitable. They are heat-loving. As soon as the temperature of the Earth begins to fall below the usual for California worms, they will rise to the surface of the soil and reduce the activity until they frozen completely.
Features of the breeding of Californian worms
Choice. To buy California worms should be considered responsibly. It is better to deal with a good vermikhody, and take worms with the substrate. Pay attention to the activity of animals and color: they must be movable and red. Check that there are not only adult individuals, but also young and cocoons.
Food. The nutrient layer for red worms is located on the surface of the soil. Long workers recycle organic residues provided to feed them, producing high-quality biohumus. For feeding California worms, various kitchen waste of vegetable origin are used: peel or inner parts of vegetables and fruits, welding and coffee thick, porridge.
Feeding Californian worms at home
You can use a small amount of fermented dairy residues and operated cardboard and paper, but in no case meat residues cannot be applied. It is necessary to be neat with citrus, which are known for the ability to scammer. Carefully crushed waste needs to be added.
Water. It is impossible to allow the substrate to live worms, less than 35% of water remained. Also destroyed for animals of moisture stagnation, which can be avoided by doing holes in the bottom of the container. An important rule - Centralized feed water needs to defend long. This is necessary in order to disappear chlorine.
Useful know! All excess fluid that will flush into the pallet is the most valuable nutrient solution for plants. This is almost Vermay, which the owners of the vermifers are often prepared on sale. Use the resulting liquid in a diluted form for watering household colors, seedlings or adult plants.
Temperature. California worm, as noted, heat-seeking. For successful breeding, maintain air temperature at 15-25 ° C. If the thermometer column drops below 10 ° C - the worms are dying, and at temperatures below 5 ° C, they can not be saved. The same danger also exists with the increase in temperature to critical high marks.
Density. For the breeding of California worms, it is necessary to purchase one, two or three families per 1 m³, each of which has about one and a half thousand individuals.
Knowing what features California worms are possessed, breeding at home this varieties of earthworms seems quite promising check. Businessmen argue that profitability can be increased to 700%. Vermiferma can also become fine way Manufacturing fertilizer for own needs Farm owners and country sites. This will significantly save funds for the purchase of feeding. In any case, the breeding of California worms is a profitable case, whether private business or part of their own economy.
Watch the video: Californian worms breeding with their own hands !!! Dream Fisherman and Gardening !!!
Why do they contain and bred such, it would seem that there would be unavailable creatures like rainworms?
Basically for the production of biohumus. Biohumus is a valuable organic fertilizer, the main product of the life of worms. The worms themselves can also be used as food for various pets (fish, amphibians and reptiles, as well as for some species of birds and rodents). But, since my pet pets (Cat and Japanese Amadin) have worms refused categorically, then I hold the worms exclusively for biohumus. The main part of the famine of the worms lives in my country site. There is a special worm, which is hidden for the winter with a spray and film. But I hold some of the worms in the urban apartment.
They live in a terrarium, in the bottom of which some number of holes have been done, in order not to accumulate excessive moisture. Naturally, the terrarium should stand on some pallet. The terrarium is located in a dark corner under the table, since the worms do not like light.
Wheels are powered by almost any organic-potato cleaning, various kinds of kitchen waste, used by tea and coffee brewing, bread crusts, broken newspapers and so on. It is not necessary to abuse citrus (lemon, orange and tangerine crusts), they strongly scatter the substrate. It is also better to refrain from the use of animal waste - meat, egg squirrel and yolk and so on. - Mostly for two reasons, firstly, due to the unpleasant odor arising from the decomposition of animal protein, and, secondly, if you divor the worms in the country, meat and other animals waste can attract rats and mice. Do not eat worms animal fats (milk, etc.).
Some say that it is not worth feeding the worms of the animal protein, since the worms are vegetarians. But they are rather padalkers than vegetarians. In my opinion, the decomposable plant protein is not very different from the larger animal protein. Although it is possible that the worms prefer vegetable protein, but the animal is capable of being. After all, they eat the simplest nematodes. In nature, very few animals having strict nutrition restrictions; Very few absolute vegetarians or absolute predators. Cats and dogs, being predators, with pleasure eating grass. Cows, along with grass, absorb a sufficient amount of animal protein in the form of insects and other small animals. The absence of strict constraints in food allows animals to adapt to changing environmental conditions. As an example, you can bring pigs whose ancestors, as you know, were predators. But back to the worms.
From time to time, the worms should be given egg shell And fine sand. Sand serves as worms as well as pebbles in chickens - to improve digestion. Of course, all foods given to the worms should be checked through the meat grinder or crushed in another way, since the worms do not have teeth and chew food can not. To all this, it is not necessary to forget about irrigation, because with a substrate humidity, less than 35% of worms will die during the week. For watering, in no case should not be used chlorinated water. Chlorine for worms - poison. It uses either rainy or well-distilled water.
I add to the feed periodically in small layers. When the terrarium turns out to be filled, worms with a part of an old substrate transplant to another terrarium, and everything is starting again. And biohumus from the old terrarium is ready to use. Worms can be transferred manually, but it is a fairly tedious occupation. It is better to stop feeding the worms for a while, give them to get drunk. Then put the straw cutting or torn paper moistened in sugar solution. You can use the mess of vegetables and fruits. A day after two or three, most of the hungry worms will rise up, on a new feed, from where they can be collected. During the day, one worm is able to recycle the amount of organic equal to its own weight. And the average weight of the rainworm is 0.5 g. I do not undertake to speak, what should be the optimal density of worms in the worm (terrarium). In natural conditions, the density of worms is from 100 to 20,000 individuals per square meter.
Biogumus worms made for indoor flowers and seedlings. So I save money and get the product in which I am sure. Since you can never tell exactly where the land purchased to you in the store is taken. From the items that I found in packages with floral and gardening land, it would be possible to make a fairly extensive exposition - stones, sticks, bones, and even a whole anthill with alive ants and ant eggs. If you use biohumus for room colors, then individual worms or their cocoons may accidentally get into the flower pot. Some flower products, for some reason, they are frightened. However, no harm to the worm of colors can be brought. The roots are not gnawing, because, as I said, they have no teeth. Eat it can only rotted the root, but with rotten roots, the plant and without worms will die. But if you are unpleasantly aware that worms live in your flower pot, then it is easier to choose them manually than trying to ride them or, as some advise some, lower the pot into the water and wait until the worms choose. So you can only destroy the plant. Cerves can live in water for quite a long time (until the week).
Some unpleasant moments that may occur during worms breeding.
This is, first, the smell of waste that you feed the worms, and, secondly, the emergence of all kinds of foreign insects. The finished biohumus of an unpleasant smell does not have, it smells of ordinary land. In addition, worms are distinguished by certain substances that serve as a deodorant. However, just laid food, which worms have not yet begun, can smell. Much here depends on the type of feed, operated newspapers or tea welding of a special smell do not publish, and welding of coffee - even quite a pleasant smell. But if there is an animal protein in the feed, then the smell can be pretty frozen. In this case, the new feed must be filled with a ready-made biohumus. Some, however, to combat unpleasant smells use EM-preparations, like "Baikal" or "Renaissance". Personally, I bring some of the land in the fall and it periodically sprinkles the substrate. I think that for seedlings it is not bad, since biohumus is approaching the soil in its properties in which the seedlings will have to grow in the summer.
As for insects, it becomes most often drosophilas in the substrate, sometimes pens. By themselves, these creatures are completely harmless. They cannot harm the worms. Rather, on the contrary. It is known that worms feed on the simplest nematodes, bacteria, mushroom disputes and other microflora and microfauna. True, whether the worms eating eggs and larvae of Drozophil or the subway to me unknown. Whatever it was, but the presence in the apartment of various midges is unlikely to like someone. Since the appearance of these insects is associated primarily with the increased humidity of the substrate, which you feed the worms, then you can fight with them by watering (however, it does not stop completely so as not to destroy the worms). As I was suggested on the same forum, it is possible to use a sticky tape for flies to destroy Drozofil if strips stick it to the terrarium cover. The subway can be caught on a piece of raw potatoes. They love her very much and gather on it in large quantities. You should not use Yadochymikati, you can also measure the worms.
Where to take worms?
1. Buy Red California Worms.
2. Buy specially derived Russian (for example, Vladimir)
3. Skip on the garden, in the forest, gather on the street after the rain.
Before discussing these three options, I will make one important digression. Whatever the option you choose, you still will not be able to pick up for worms exactly the same food to which they are accustomed. And the main advantage of the content of worms is that from your free waste you can get a valuable fertilizer. Regarding how easily the worms go to the new feed there are different opinions. Professor Igonin had previously adhered to the opinion that the worms are pretty seriously getting used to a new stern. Some of his colleagues believe that this is not such a significant question. And Anatoly Mikhailovich himself (after the sale of "Vladimir prospectors" :) It is now not so categorically. Judging by my own experience, I can say that it is still not worth a sharply translating worms on a new feed. You can lose if not the whole population, then a large part of it. Well, if by this time the worms have already postponed cocoons. Young, newly born worms get used to the feed that tried at birth. If you still need to translate worms to a new feed, then it is necessary to do it gradually, gradually mixing it in the old one.
From this point of view, consider all three of the above options. Since the ability to adapt to new conditions depends to a large extent from the worms themselves. If you decide to buy "Californians", then make sure you sell truly Californian worms, and not ordinary, covered here under the fence. Sometimes under the guise of tiny worms sell nematomas. The seller must have permission to sell worms issued by a quarantine service. Red Californian worms have high performance, but rather quiet to the substrate and to the conditions of content. They are only suitable for home content, that is, live only in warmth. If you want to settle them in the country, then, most likely, they will flood in the first winter. As for the Vladimir Worms, they are no doubt more adapted to our conditions. This is a good option, if you are not sorry to spend money on worms. If you are going to contain worms not only at home, but also in the country, or only at the cottage, then, in my opinion, you better accumulate them in the nearby forest or on the field. And move them to your worm. It will be worms most adapted to your conditions. Do not forget to accumulate them together with the Earth, and in this earth gradually add your new feed. The most easily adaptable, of those who I saw, in my opinion, are Moscow worms, which I picked up on the street after the rain. Apparently they are so accustomed to live in hard urban conditions and eat all the rubbish that they are not so easy to lime.
Well, perhaps, in brief, it's all. Read more about the worms in the book of A.M. Igonina "How to increase soil fertility in tens of times with the help of rainworms."
Details about Biohumus
The composition of biohumus and its properties
The main product of compost processing with the help of technological worms is the humus organic fertilizer Biohumus - CherberoPost.
In biohumus 50% humidity contains 12-15% humus.
The agrochemical value of dry biohumus is as follows:
. humus - 25-35%;
. Nitrogen - 0.8-2%;
. phosphorus - 0.8-2%;
. potassium - 0.7-1.2%;
. Magnesium - 0.3-0.5%;
. Calcium - 2-3%;
. acidity pH \u003d 6.9-7.2;
. Microflora - 2 * 10 ** 12 CL / g;
. Fully, humic acids;
And all this in a balanced form.
Biohumus- It also also microbiological fertilizer. Making it improves the soil. The biocompost exceeds the manure and composts on the content of humus 4-8 times. Biohumus contains a large number of enzymes, vitamins, soil antibiotics, plant growth hormones and other biologically active substances. The duration of biohumus is 5 years.
Unlike the manure, biohumus does not have inertia - plants react immediately to it. When using biohumus, the growing season in plants is reduced by 1.5-2 weeks. It is proved that the humats contained in biohumus are non-toxic, non-carcinogenic, non-mixedgenic, are not toxic for embryos. Biohumus does not contain weed seeds. Biohumus does not smell, it is pleasant to hold in his hands.
During the storage, biohumus can even dry, but will not lose its qualities.
Use biohumus
Biohumus can be made in spring under the steamer, you can pour into the wells for seedlings, in rows for seeding.
Biohumus is added to the planting mixtures for growing seedlings and indoor plants.
"To redund" biohumus soil is impossible, the more make up, the better.
Biohumus can be insteaded in water and water the influence of the plant.
Exceptionally effective use of mineral fertilizers in a mixture with biohumus.
Norms of making biohumus
Since biohumus has to save, the norms of making it are as follows:
. When disembarking seedlings in the ground, add 1-2 of the biohumus in the well;
. When planting tomatoes seedlings, add 0.5-1 liters of biohumus to the well;
. under potatoes 0.5-1 liter biohumus with each potato;
. Soil under the cucumbers mulch the biohumus layer 1-2 cm;
. Soil under the strawberry mulch with a biohumus layer 1-2 cm;
. The soil under fruit trees do not learn, and annually mulch 2-3 cm in the biohumus layer;
Master Ground, supplied biohumus fertilizer recommends the following norms Application:
. Flowers - 0.5-1.5 kg / sq.m;
. Vegetables - up to 2 kg / sq. M. or 150 g / bim;
. Berries - 0.5-1.0 kg under the bush;
. fruit - 1-2 kg for each tree;
Water infusion biohumus
The water infusion of biohumus is used to soak seeds, watering seedlings, indoor plants, garden crops.
1 cup of dry humus fertilizer stirring in the 1st bucket of water and give to settle within a day. Water acquires color tea. The precipitate can be used for detacity of indoor colors.
The seeds of cabbage, cucumbers, tomatoes at 12 o'clock are soaked in infusion.
For watering plants, infusion is diluted with two more parts of water.
Effectively spraying plants with infusion. Spray fruit trees and shrubs after flowering, when falling off, in the period of growing fruits and bookmarks of flower kidney (in early August). When spraying fruit trees and bushes in the infusion of biohumus in combination with the mulching of the soil under the krons of biohumus, a layer of 1-2 cm, their fruiting becomes regular.
Three-time spraying of flower crops with an interval of one week accelerates bloom for 1-1.5 week.
The composition of the soil
The base of the soil - soil minerals make up 80-90% of the weight. They tend to contain almost the entire table of Mendeleev, but in the form of not affordable plants. The smallest particles or cereals of minerals form clay soils, larger - loams, even larger - sandy and sands. The smallest particles forming clay minerals have a shape of flakes, so their total surface is huge and they are able to hold the elements on their surface, in the form available to power plants. Some soil microorganisms in the supply of moisture and heat can dissolve the mineral particles themselves, making the plants available for plants. chemical elementsassociated with them.
Clay - potentially fertile soil. Tatyana Ugarova, calls her "practically inexhaustible clay minerals."
Another component of the soil is an organic matter, with its most valuable part of it - humus - the smallest colloidal particles of organic matter having a greater surface and even better holding element ions in the formable plants form. Gumus is the storage of the main batteries. Small clay and humus particles form compounds of a clay humus complex holding the nutritional. Therefore, it is so important to add a little sublink to the compost bunch.
The third component of the soil is its living component - a community of different soil microorganisms - bacteria, mushrooms, infusories, ameb, algae, microscopic worms, etc. Their biomass in the upper 25 cm layer of the soil can reach 1.0-1.5 kg / square meter of soil and more. Soil microorganisms own a major role in the formation of soil fertility. Most of the microorganisms are bacteria.
Features of light soil
Light sand soils are easily washed, soluble nutrients along with water go to a greater depth and are lost to plants. Therefore, such soils usually lack potassium, magnesium, trace elements. But it is not possible to make fertilizers in sandy soil in the fall, but in the spring (main refueling) and in the summer (Viside feeding), but in half a smaller dose than on clay soils. Such soils quickly dry up, but awesome well. Organic fertilizers on sandy soils quickly overheat (mineralized), so they must be made more and more often.
Sand soils are less suitable for gardening than drigly. To improve the connectedness of sandy soils, except for manure make peat, compost. If there is an opportunity, the glove is carried out - the surface introduction of clay, the Suglinka. When planting gardens in the planting pits of fruit trees, it is very effectively to make 2-3 screens from the composts of clay with a manure layer 2-4 cm every 20 cm.
Heavy soil and stagnation
If there are few organic organics in heavy clay soils, they are very poorly passing water. It can accumulate excess carbon dioxide, and although carbon dioxide dissolves some minerals, its excess harms plants.
If there are poorly permeable soil layers at a depth, then even small decreases on the surface of the soil can cause stagnation of water in the soil. The same thing happens with the presence of a close level of groundwater. Stagnation of water displaces the air of their soil, as a result, the soil (flock) of the soil occurs, which is expressed in the appearance of blue spots with an increased content of substances harmful to plants. Useful soil microorganisms are depressing, a harmful historical microflora develops. But if the garden is located on the slope and water slowly moves along the soil layers, then negative consequences do not occur.
Mandatory peroxide under the winter, loosening and systematic introduction of organics - manure, peat, compost, and for acidic soils. Making lime improves the permeability and structure of clay soils.
Structural soil
The soil rich in microorganisms is glued with mineral and organic colloidal particles in small lumps, which are loosely adjacent to each other, which allows the air to penetrate the soil, and water can not linger on the surface and make the soil. Gumus-rich clay scattered into small lumps. The moves of microscopic and rainworms, cavities of dead roots of plants also improve the aeration and permeability of the soil.
Making lime into severe clay acidic soil also improves its permeability and structure.
Soil microorganisms
Some soil microorganisms are decomposed by the body introduced into the soil, contribute to the formation of humus, make the nutrients available for plants, others associate atmospheric nitrogen, organic compounds synthesize, the following translated these compounds to the form available by plants. Soil microorganisms translate phosphorus into soluble state, even decompose minerals, and first of all practically inexhaustible clay minerals, delivering the entire "Mendeleev table" by the plants. Some plants are unable to develop normally without a certain microflora. As a result of the vital activity of useful soil microorganisms, the soil becomes a structural, crumbly.
The life of bacteria and other soil microorganisms can be very short - from days to several hours. If there is food, warm and humid - they very quickly multiply, and very quickly die if the "feed" is over. But their biomass and livelihood products constitute the very "nutritious broth" for plants, which includes not only simple compounds for the supply of plants, but also amino acids, vitamins, auxins, antibiotics and many other nutrients and stimulants of plant growth.
Most useful soil microorganisms are most favorable and neutral soil reaction pH 6.5-7.0 with moisture, air and heat in the range of approximately 15-30 ° C. To power the soil microorganisms are not boring organic. There are two ways of receipt of the organic matter into the soil - root highlights of plants with post-harvest residues and the introduction of organications in the soil from the outside, free of charge, compost, manure, siderates, etc.
Root discharge
Plants do not remain in debt to microorganisms - living plants feed soil microorganisms with their root discharges, and not only by dying post-harvest residues, although the roots also make up about a third of the mass of the plant. Tatyana Ugarova gives a digit - up to 20% of the entire mass of plants make up root allocations. The root secretions include organic acids, sugars, amino acids and much more. T. Ugamar strong plant will abundantly feed soil microorganisms, while the mass reproduction of the rhizosphere (root) useful microflora occurs. Moreover, plants stimulate the development of predominantly such microflora, which feeds plants, produces plant growth stimulants, suppresses harmful plants with microflora.
Composting is art
- This is how this is now evaluating the exceptional importance of the compost for the garden. Unfortunately, we have long been paying attention to the correct compost preparation (if at all prepared). And the proposed compost is the basis, the basis of the future harvest.
When cooking compost, it is important to add a little sublinka (clay garden land). Suglink serves as a source of soil microorganisms - "Zakvaya" and binds nutrients formed during compost ripening in the composition of clay humus complexes. In particular, clay-humus complexes arise when stirring the soil particles in the intestine of the rainworm, so the effectiveness of the worm-biohumus is so large, and also enriched with the useful microflora from the stomach worm.
Briefly sequence of the layers of compost heap: 15-20 cm of grass and similar waste, sprinkle ash, dolomite or lime 300-600 g / sq. meter, and all sprinkle with clay garden land - approximately a layer in 2 cm. And so several times. Compost should be water through the sprayer (you can from the watering can) so that the bunch is constantly wet.
Making compost beds to the surface enriches the soil by microorganisms, it revives it, and it does not boil down to a simple crossing for nutritious n-P-K elements (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium). Be sure to prepare compost for the garden!
It is curious that in the MitLider method using boxes without a bottom filled with a mixture of sawdust with sand, sawdust by the end of the first season turn into a crumbly, rich humus loose land, rich in soil microorganisms, which, on the impact on the main soil and plants, is very similar to the compost layer in bed! (But remember - fresh sawdust can be flipped with soil!)
Beds after harvest
It is impossible to leave loose, rich in humus soil with a naked, not covered with plants or layer of organic mulch, which give food to soil bacteria and create conditions for their livelihoods, protect the soil from drying out and weathered. Therefore, if you have left naked beds after harvesting - write any culture as the soil as Siderats. In the spring, let the plants - the tops put in the compost, and the roots remaining in beds, which absorbed nutrients will give them soil, retaining her fertility.
conclusions
. All the beds, including Mitlider's narrow ground beds, need to make a humus - well-overwhelmed manure or compost, biohumus, enriching the soil with a useful soil microflora and humus that increases the ability of the soil to withhold nutrients.
. Thus, the combination of organic and complex mineral fertilizers is able to raise the soil fertility faster than the use of each type of fertilizer separately.
. Vegetables will be the most useful when not experiencing nutritional deficits have grown. But over time, there may be a shortage of nutrition of any macro and micro elements, even if at first everything was in sufficiency. In each area there may be a lack of macro and micro elements. Therefore, feeding the corrective fertilizers is necessary.
. Most useful soil microorganisms are most favorable and neutral soil reaction pH 6.5-7.0, if there is moisture, air and heat in the range of approximately 12-30 ° C.
. Very easy, sandy soil needs to make peat and clay - anticipation, peat - sand and soglinka. Excess water should be sandwicked by conducting drainage work.
. The land should not remain naked - the soil should be covered either by plants (or a lawn), or a layer of organic mulch. An extremely important role in the enrichment of soil by microorganisms has a composite and dull leveling into beds.
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