About the profession of a lawyer for children and the world around them. How to tell children about the legal profession in kindergarten And we can’t count them all

Certificate of registration of copyright for the work N10774 dated August 17, 2004, issued by the State Department of Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine Laws change but the logic of law remains unchanged for many years. Therefore, the law must first of all be understood The boy Vitya sometimes did not understand what his relatives and friends were talking about. Coming home from work, dad was sometimes very pleased, brought mom flowers and champagne, gave Vita a new toy and said that today was his lucky day - he had made a profitable DEAL. Sometimes dad, on the contrary, would come home from work gloomy and spend the entire evening reading the newspaper or watching TV. He told his mother that the SUPPLIERS were violating the terms of the CONTRACT and were not acting according to the LAW. When dad allowed Uncle Vita to drive his car, they went to draw up a POWER OF ATTORNEY. One day a piece of paper fell out of my grandmother's box. Vitya picked it up and read the incomprehensible word printed at the top: “WILL.” Vitya understood that these words were very important, because adults always said them with a serious look. These words, like magic spells, make them happy or sad. Vitya decided at all costs to understand the meaning of these words and their magical power. He went to his grandmother and asked him to explain everything to him, and his grandmother puzzled him even more by saying that it was all JURIPRUDENCE. Vitya involuntarily frowned at such words. The grandmother laughed and said that she would introduce Vitya to their family lawyer, the Wizard Juris. He knows everything about jurisprudence and will help Vita.
The wizard Yuris explained to Vita that he, of course, was not a real wizard. But because Yuris knows the laws and knows how to draw up various legal documents, Vitya’s grandmother, out of respect, calls him a wizard. All these words that Vita does not understand - LEGAL TERMS are really very important in our lives. They were invented by lawyers. These words are actually like magic spells. They can create joy and sadness in people. Therefore, having learned what these words mean and what they are needed for, Vitya will also become a bit of a wizard. But, everything is in order. First, the wizard Juris told Vitya, we need to tell him who lawyers are. Meeting 1. Who are lawyers? How to become a lawyer Lawyers are people who know the law and can apply it. A lawyer is an adviser to citizens and businesses in legal matters and a defender of their interests. A lawyer is also a representative of the state who monitors compliance with the same rules of conduct for all, and also, on the basis of the law, determines the extent of responsibility for the violator. Lawyers explain laws so that everyone can understand them. After all, knowing the law is the first step to complying with it. The range of activities of a lawyer is very wide. Therefore, lawyers usually deal with some specific issues related to the application of the law in their activities. That is, each lawyer has his own specialization, or in other words, a legal position. There are many such positions and we will now get acquainted with the main ones. A JUDGE is a representative of a special state power - the judicial power. If someone has violated a criminal or administrative law, if there is a property, labor or family dispute. In these cases, according to the law, a special body of the state - the court - considers these issues. In most cases, this happens openly, in a court hearing, where anyone can come. The judge listens to everyone who knows something about the case and considers the evidence. After analyzing all this data, he makes a decision. If the law is broken, the judge determines the punishment for the violator. If a dispute arises, the judge resolves it. Court decisions are binding on everyone and everyone must obey them. Because the state entrusted the court to apply the law common to all to resolve a separate case or dispute. Judges do not depend on anyone. They obey only the law. The state is interested in ensuring that laws are followed by everyone. And if a judge, resolving a specific case in court, makes a final decision or sentence, the Prosecutor monitors the implementation of the law by everyone on behalf of the state. In other words, the prosecutor protects the law itself from unlawful attacks and monitors the correct application of the law. It is designed to help eliminate violations of the law. The main task of the prosecutor is that he monitors the performance of his duties by everyone: enterprises, organizations, government bodies, citizens. But the prosecutor not only monitors the implementation of the law. He can also investigate crimes himself. In addition, the prosecutor, on behalf of the state, charges in court those suspected of committing a crime. In case of violation of civil laws, at the initiative of the prosecutor, a case may be initiated in court to protect the rights of citizens and state interests. The prosecutor can begin to participate in the judicial consideration of any case if the interests of citizens and the state so require. The prosecutor is also obliged to take care of compensation for damage caused to the state and government organizations. An investigator is a lawyer who investigates the most dangerous type of violation of the law. This violation is provided for in the criminal code and is called a crime. If a crime has been committed, the investigator must objectively examine all the circumstances associated with it. The investigator must interview witnesses and, using physical evidence, identify those who committed the crime. It is also important to prove that the person who committed the crime understood its dangerous consequences and may be responsible for the crime committed due to his age and mental health. These are the main, but not all, tasks of the investigator, who, in a criminal case, documents and collects all the necessary information about the crime and the persons who committed it. The quality of the investigator’s work often determines whether the criminal will be punished. The very question of punishing the criminal is decided in court. Some legal actions, due to their importance or complexity, are certified in a special manner. For example, to make a will, it is not enough just to write it on paper. This document needs to be certified by a special lawyer - a Notary. The notary is specially authorized by the state. He has the right to confirm that the document is legally correct. It also explains to individuals their legal rights and responsibilities. Therefore, turning to a notary guarantees that a person will represent the legal consequences of the action he has performed and will not lose his property by fraud. In addition, the notary is personally responsible for the correctness of the legal action performed and bears responsibility for it. A notary can also confirm rights to property. For example, he issues a certificate of inheritance. It can certify the transfer of title to property. For example, when selling a car, a notary can certify such an agreement. A notary can certify a person's signature on a document and then there will be no disputes about who signed the document. The notary can perform other actions at the request of citizens and organizations. The main purpose of this is to give facts, actions and documents legal credibility. That is, so that no one has doubts about certain facts, actions and documents. A LAWYER is a lawyer who helps everyone understand the laws. To become a lawyer, a lawyer takes an exam and if he does it successfully, he receives a special Certificate. If someone has a legal question, they seek clarification from their lawyer. Often, lawyers defend the legal rights of citizens and organizations in courts and before other citizens and organizations. A lawyer can collect documents and other evidence to protect the interests of his client in court and other authorities. A lawyer always protects the interests of his client, which can be anyone who needs legal assistance. Lawyers help everyone figure out whether their legal rights are being violated or not. After all, the same action can be legal and illegal. For example, if one person destroys a house in which another person lives, this may be against the law. However, if a house has fallen into disrepair due to age, it is dangerous for people to live in. In this case, the house can be legally destroyed with the permission of local authorities. Before this, the person who lived in this house is evicted and given new housing. These and other legal issues require clarification from an attorney. In the activities of any enterprise, legal issues always arise. It is necessary to produce products, which means purchasing raw materials, equipment, and energy resources. Finished products must be transferred to consumers. A special lawyer - Legal Adviser - explains how to formalize this according to the law. He draws up contracts for the supply of raw materials and shipment of products, and resolves legal issues of the enterprise with other persons. Legal advisers explain to people the essence of laws and documents. They can draw up the texts of agreements between citizens and statements to various authorities. If a person needs legal advice, a legal adviser will provide it. These are the main, but not all, positions of lawyers. Legal knowledge is necessary for a deputy, businessman, banker and many others. Good legal knowledge can be obtained in educational institutions that train legal specialists. These are institutes, academies, universities, colleges, technical schools. People are accepted there after secondary school. First you need to pass exams well in some subjects that you studied at school. This is, first of all, history. You also need to show the basics of legal knowledge. You will get some of them from this book. You also need to be able to write correctly and be able to express your thoughts. Therefore, to become a lawyer you need to start by doing well in school. Those who pass exams while studying at a law school and graduate from law school receive a LAWYER'S DIPLOMA. This education document allows you to work as a lawyer. This story about lawyers contains some not entirely familiar words: law, crime, and others. Of course, from his life, everyone knows a little about these legal terms and has heard them. But legal theory will help to understand them well. Legal theory says what jurisprudence studies. She explains what a state is and why law is needed. Therefore, let's dwell on it a little. CONSOLIDATING KNOWLEDGE Test. Lawyers. For each correct answer - 1 point. The maximum test score is 3 points.

-- A lawyer who advises on how to act correctly according to the law and resolves legal issues in the activities of an enterprise is called: A) investigator; B) prosecutor; B) legal adviser.

-- A lawyer who certifies legal documents for citizens and organizations in a special manner is called: a) judge; b) prosecutor; c) notary.

-- A document of higher education confirming the qualifications of a lawyer is called: A) certificate; B) diploma; B) diploma. If you get all the points, Wizard Juris applauds you. Rating of excellent knowledge. If all points are scored minus 1 point - a rating of solid knowledge. If fewer points are scored, the rating is for familiarization knowledge. If you wish, you can write down a rating of your knowledge. I scored ____ points for this meeting. This is a rating of ____________ (excellent, solid, introductory) knowledge.

A LITTLE LEGAL THEORY.

All legal knowledge is closely interconnected. Legal theory studies legal knowledge in general and finds its common features. It helps to understand what jurisprudence studies, what a state is and why the law is needed. Legal theory is necessary to understand jurisprudence and, on the basis of this knowledge, to comprehend the law. Meeting 2. What is society and the state. The entire history of mankind has shown that it is difficult for a person to survive in this world alone. At the dawn of humanity, it was necessary to obtain food and protect ourselves from animals. It was better to do this together: several people had more strength, energy, knowledge, and ingenuity. This unification of people allowed humanity to overcome natural dangers.

Later, when people started farming together: cultivating fields, taking up crafts, and cattle breeding, a new danger appeared. Wars of conquest began, and people had to unite to repel the enemy. Only together could the invaders be defeated. Now that man has practically conquered nature, and wars are happening less and less often, we also need to unite. For example, it is very difficult for one person to create a modern car. Therefore, someone is responsible for the idea of the car. Another person is responsible for developing technical documentation. The third supervises the assembly of the car from various parts in the workshop. Finally, the fourth one tests the finished car. Here we also see the unification of people: in their joint work. (Fig. of four windows, each of which shows the above-mentioned stage of car production). It has always been better and more effective for a person to act together with other people than alone. Therefore, it is natural for a person to unite with other people based on common interests. But not every association of people is permanent. The team of people cultivating the field may disintegrate after the harvest. However, there is an association of people who interact with each other constantly. For example, there was an earthquake somewhere. Houses and roads are destroyed, there is no food or drinking water. General rules have been established. All people, even if they were not affected by the earthquake, help the victims. They remove rubble, help rebuild houses, treat victims and supply them with food. This happens thanks to the overall organization. This kind of unification of people is natural. It is explained by the need for joint survival, existence and development of humanity. Such a union of people is called a society. It is no coincidence that they say that man is a social being. SOCIETY - a group of people with common rules of behavior who have united on the basis of common interests for constant mutual cooperation. Society developed gradually. At first, in primitive times, society was limited to blood relatives. In the tribal community, all relatives worked together, explored nature and new territories together, and fought against enemies. Leaders were chosen to govern members of the clan. Meetings of clan representatives could also make decisions binding on everyone. This is how customs were formed - general rules of behavior, once accepted and constantly applied. Customs established the rules of labor, family relationships, and religious rituals. Primitive society existed so that members of the clan could survive. The tools were primitive, everyone worked, and power was provided by everyone. All property was common. There was no separate administrative apparatus and bodies ensuring the implementation of customs. They did everything together, and customs were carried out out of habit and under the influence of the entire clan. Tools of labor were improved. Gradually, a division of labor occurred: some cultivated the land, others were engaged in crafts. After all, if one person does not do everything, but does one thing, he does it better. All this made it possible to obtain surpluses: society satisfied its needs for the most necessary things, and after that there was still some production left. A difference of interests appeared between members of society - those who had surpluses did not want to share with others. On the contrary, those who did not have surpluses wanted to get them. There were rich and poor. Therefore, another organization of society became necessary. To ensure that rich and poor lived peacefully and society continued to exist, a new organization of society arose. This organization became the state. The state unites people under a single authority. This power is political in nature. That is, it does not take into account the interests of all people equally, as in a primitive communal society. Political power takes into account the interests of the majority of people or a separate group of people and ensures the existence of society. The power in the state must be sovereign, that is, supreme and separate from other authorities, for example, church or family. State power establishes the same rules of behavior for everyone and ensures their implementation. A STATE is an organization of society in a certain territory, based on sovereignty and unified political power, which has a special administrative apparatus and issues mandatory rules of behavior for everyone, ensuring their implementation. Any state has the following characteristics:

-- Its own TERRITORY, that is, it is geographically located on a certain area of the earth’s surface and has its own borders. - Has POWER in this territory. That is, everyone, there are certain bodies that establish common rules of behavior for everyone in a given territory, govern the state, and monitor the implementation of laws. -- SOVEREIGNTY. That is, among all the authorities that exist in society: family, church and others, state power is the main one in the sphere of public affairs. On the other hand, sovereignty means that different states should not interfere in each other's affairs and should recognize the equality and independence of other states. -- Only the state has the right to issue laws (mandatory for all rules of conduct). -- The right to establish and collect TAXES is given to the state and no one else. In a state, different members of society may have different interests: professional, cultural, religious. But the state unites everyone on the basis of common, main interests that every person has. The state ensures the fulfillment of these interests. For example, the state ensures that no one can attempt the life of another person. Everyone in the state can work and receive material rewards for it. If someone has his own property: a car, a house, a dacha, then no one can take it away from him. Since these interests are important to most people, the state provides them for every person. To do this, with the help of laws, it establishes common rules of behavior for everyone. If these rules are violated, the violator will be punished. Therefore, following the rules is important for everyone. In addition, the state determines the powers of government bodies. It protects the rights of businesses and supports the poor. The state builds schools and hospitals and takes care of environmental protection. It is important for the state to ensure law and order in society. This is why the police and other law enforcement agencies exist. In order for the state to exist and carry out all these programs, it collects taxes from businesses and citizens. The state also cooperates with other states and international organizations. At the same time, common problems are solved: maintaining peace on earth, fighting crime, space exploration and others. CONSOLIDATING KNOWLEDGE Exercise. Continue the list of customs. In modern society, the following customs are used: - standing in line for goods; -- give up your seat on public transport to the elderly, disabled, and small children; - let the lady go ahead; -- ..... 1) Continue the list of customs. For each custom named, the team is awarded 1 point. The team with the most points wins. 2) Explain why this custom should exist and what its usefulness is. If an explanation was given for the previously mentioned custom, an additional 1 point is awarded; Exercise. Remember the concept and come up with a custom 1. What is custom? For the correct answer - 1 point. 2. Come up with a custom that doesn’t exist in our society yet, but would be useful. Explain why the custom you invented is needed. For an invented custom - 1 point; for explanation - additional 1 point. Exercise. Remember the concepts and compare them 1. What is society? For the correct answer - 1 point. 2.What is a state? For the correct answer - 1 point. 3. Name the characteristics of a state. For each correctly named feature of the state - 1 point. 4. What signs of the state are missing in society? For correct analysis - 1 point. Check your knowledge rating If you get all the points, Wizard Juris applauds you. Rating of excellent knowledge. If all points minus 5 points are scored - a rating of solid knowledge. If fewer points are scored, the rating is for familiarization knowledge. If you wish, you can write down a rating of your knowledge. I scored ____ points for this meeting. This is a rating of ____________ (excellent, solid, introductory) knowledge. I scored ____ points for this meeting and previous meetings. Meeting 3. What is the law In primitive society, the strong could offend the weak. (Fig. One Neanderthal is chasing another with a mace). In the tribe he sometimes received condemnation for this and could even be expelled. It was a custom. There are still certain rules (customs) in society. But these rules are not established by the state, but are applied out of habit. For example, if several people want to buy some product at the same time: bread, milk, vegetables, they create a queue. The first to buy the goods is the one who came first and took the queue. Another example. When meeting relatives, neighbors, and friends, it is customary to say hello, and when parting, to say goodbye. All these rules (CUSTOMS) are accepted among people. But in case of violation of customs, a person receives moral condemnation. Moreover, only among those people who know about it. But customs and rules of conduct are unable to ensure peace in society. Just the moral condemnation of a violator by several people is not always enough for him to stop his actions. To ensure that no one fears for their life, freedom or property, society entrusted the state with making laws. IT IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER that: - The law must be approved by certain government bodies that have the right to adopt it; - The law expresses the interests of all or most people living in a modern developed society; - The law is in written form and contains rules of conduct accepted in a given state for everyone. Everyone who lives in society must obey the law. Ignorance of the law is not an excuse. Those who do not know the law themselves should contact a lawyer for clarification. Therefore, not only educated people, but absolutely everyone must obey the law. - in case of violation of the law, the one who violated it receives censure from the entire society. The state acts on behalf of society. In this case, the violator bears the punishment established by law and compensates for the damage caused. The law establishes such rules, following which no one can violate the interests of others. In return, everyone has the right to expect that their interests will not be violated, because others must also obey the laws. Rich and poor, men and women, white and black; people speaking different languages, professing different religions, and having different political opinions must all be subject to the law equally. With the help of the law, the state protects everyone. And everyone is equal before the law. But this does not mean that the law is always blind. There are situations when it is simply necessary to take into account certain circumstances. For example, at a gas station, an unauthorized driver gets behind the wheel of someone else’s fuel tanker and pushes it into the river. (picture: a fuel truck flies into the river with a gas station in the background, there is one person at the gas station, he holds his head). On the surface it always looks illegal. But imagine that a fuel tanker at a gas station suddenly caught fire. This threatened an explosion, which could cause a lot of trouble. Saving everyone, the driver pushed the fuel truck into the river. (picture: a burning fuel tanker flies into the river with a gas station in the background). The law is fair and it says that in this case the driver’s actions are legal. When someone does a little harm so that there is no big harm, it is called an EXTREME NECESSITY. The one who caused this harm may be released from compensation. CONSOLIDATING KNOWLEDGE

Exercise. Who can make laws?

For the correct answer - 1 point. Laws can be issued by: A) trade unions; B) enterprises; B) state.

Exercise. Who obeys the law.

For the correct answer - 1 point. Which statement is true: A) only the poor should obey the law; B) only educated and cultured people who know it well should obey the law. Those who do not know the law may not obey it; C) everyone must obey the law.

Exercise. Fill in the missing concept.

For the correct answer - 2 points. When someone causes a little harm so that there is no big harm, it is called... . The one who caused this harm may be released from compensation.

Exercise. Fill in the missing word

For the correct answer - 1 point. The law has... form. Check your knowledge rating If you get all the points, Wizard Juris applauds you. Rating of excellent knowledge. If all points minus 2 points are scored - a rating of solid knowledge. If fewer points are scored, the rating is for familiarization knowledge. If you wish, you can write down a rating of your knowledge. I scored ____ points for this meeting. This is a rating of ____________ (excellent, solid, introductory) knowledge. I scored ____ points for this meeting and previous meetings. .... Meeting 13. What are the regulatory legal acts. The power of regulations At work, at school, at home, some people obey others. There are bosses, and there are subordinates. At school, children must obey their teachers. The teacher is supervised by the school director. He is more important. Among the legal acts there are also main ones and those that are subordinate to them. For example, LAWS are more important than all other legal acts. Therefore, these others are called SUBJECT REGULATIONS. The most important law of the state is the CONSTITUTION. All laws and regulations of the state are issued on the basis of the Constitution. The Constitution outlines the most important issues in the life and activities of the state. Therefore, the Constitution is often called the fundamental law. No normative act can contradict the Constitution. By-laws are subject to the Constitution (fundamental law) and other laws. This means that by-laws must comply with the Constitution and laws and cannot contradict them.

CONSOLIDATING KNOWLEDGE Exercise 1. What is more important For the correct answer - 1 point. Which of the following regulations has greater legal force: A) law; B) by-law. Exercise 2. The most important law of the state For the correct answer - 1 point. The most important law of the state is called: A) Decree; B) Constitution; B) Order. Task 3. Find a false statement about by-laws Below are the statements. Some of them are true, some are false. You need to determine where the truth is and where the lie is. For each false statement found correctly - 1 point. The maximum score for the assignment is 3 points. By-laws: A) May contradict the law; B) Must not contradict the law; C) They are published on certain issues of social life and may not comply with the Constitution; D) Must comply with the Constitution; D) are no different from the laws; Check your knowledge rating If you get all the points, Wizard Juris applauds you. Rating of excellent knowledge. If all points minus 2 points are scored - a rating of solid knowledge. If fewer points are scored, the rating is for familiarization knowledge. If you wish, you can write down a rating of your knowledge. I scored ____ points for this meeting. This is a rating of ____________ (excellent, solid, introductory) knowledge. I scored ____ points for this meeting and previous meetings. ... Meeting 43. Certain types of contracts Not all contracts are the same. This is not difficult to understand by recalling cases with which everyone is familiar. After all, after concluding some contracts, the property (car, apartment, food) passes to the acquirer forever, that is, into ownership. Under other agreements, the property is transferred to the recipient only for a certain time - for use. In other words, different contracts have different legal purposes. In the first case, this is a transfer of ownership of the property, in the second - only a transfer of the right of use. But there are differences between contracts that have the same legal purpose. For example, contracts differ in types for the transfer of property into ownership. After all, property can become the property of another person free of charge. That is, without any payment. This is a DONATION AGREEMENT. If the property becomes the property of another person for cash payment, This is a PURCHASE AND SALE agreement. If one owner transfers his property to another, and in return receives ownership of other property, this is an EXCHANGE CONTRACT.

For example, the boy Vitya has a book that he has read. His friend Petya has another book. Vitya gives Petya his book for good, and in return receives Petya’s book as his property. With regard to contracts whose legal purpose is transfer of property into use, they share like this. If the property is not transferred permanently (temporarily), for money - this is a property lease agreement. In the case when property is transferred for a certain period, with subsequent return free of charge, this is a loan agreement. Things for which contracts are concluded for the transfer of property for use must be unconsumable. That is, these things can be reused. For example, non-consumable things are a car, a bicycle, a TV. They can be used many times. For these things, you can enter into a rental or loan agreement.

Along with non-consumables, there are consumed things. For example, apple, pineapple, juice, ice cream. Regarding these things, it is impossible to conclude agreements for the transfer of property for use. After all, they can only be used once and cannot be returned after that. For example, to use an apple means to eat it. But under rental and loan agreements, the return of the same thing is obligatory. This means that consumable items cannot be transferred under these contracts.

How to determine in what case to transfer property for money, in exchange for other property or for payment? The answer is simple. It all depends on the parties to the agreement themselves. As they agree, so it will be. After all, civil law is private law. It first of all takes into account the interests, will, desire of the participants in these relations themselves. The state, with the help of civil laws, in many ways only tells the parties how to act, how to show their private interest. For example, by enshrining various types of contracts in law, the state allows the participants to choose for themselves which contract is best for them to conclude. Agreements may not be concluded regarding property. The legal purpose of such agreements is provision of services or execution of work. With the help of services, through the efforts of some individuals, the needs of other individuals are satisfied. Consultation with a lawyer, preservation of other people's belongings, transportation by taxi - all these are services. Let's look at some types of contracts for provision of services. One of them is the contract of carriage . Under a contract of carriage, one party (the carrier), for a certain fee, undertakes to transport a passenger or any cargo to its destination. For example, when the boy Vitya and his parents went on vacation to the sea in the summer. They bought a train ticket and thus got to the resort. Traveling by train is a type of contract of carriage. The next type of service agreement is a storage agreement . Under a STORAGE AGREEMENT, one party (custodian) undertakes to store property transferred to it by the other party (bailor) and return this property safely. In other words, if the owner of the property does not want to leave the property unattended, he transfers this property to another person (custodian) for a while. The bailee looks after the property and must return it safe and sound to the bailor. A storage agreement can be either paid or gratuitous. AGREEMENT OF ASSIGNMENT also include to contracts for the provision of services. Under a contract of agency, one party (the attorney) undertakes to perform certain legal actions on behalf and at the expense of the other party (the principal). For example, an attorney on behalf and in the interests of the principal can enter into transactions (purchases and sales, exchanges, etc.). Such an agreement is possible only with mutual trust of one and the other party. After all, when concluding transactions, the attorney does not act on his own behalf, but on behalf of the principal. The following group of agreements has a legal purpose execution of work. As a result of performing work, due to the actions of some persons (performers), a certain product is produced for other persons (customers). An example of a contract for the performance of work is a CONTRACT AGREEMENT. Under a contract, the contractor undertakes, for a fee, to perform certain work according to the customer’s instructions using his or his own materials, and the customer undertakes to accept the work performed. For example, they bought a computer for the boy Vita. The boy's neighbor Vitya is a carpenter. Vita's dad ordered it for him, and he agreed to make a desk for the computer. As a result, the table was made and Vitya was able to work comfortably on the computer. This is how a contract can be used in everyday life.

The legal purpose of some contracts is Team work. Under an AGREEMENT ON JOINT ACTIVITIES, several persons reach an agreement on joint actions to achieve a certain goal. For example, a dairy factory and an advertising agency enter into an agreement on joint activities, and together implement a program to promote “Super Milk” to the market. At the same time, the efforts of the dairy plant and the advertising agency are mutually combined. The dairy uses modern equipment to produce tasty, high-quality and healthy milk. The advertising agency develops and conducts an advertising campaign in the press, radio and television that clearly and vividly convinces of the benefits of “Super Milk”. Due to joint actions, the production and sales of Super Milk increase, and the participants in the joint activity make a profit. (Fig. A cook in a cap holds in one hand a package with the inscription “Super Milk”, and the other hand is extended forward, the thumb is on top, the other fingers are bent, i.e. the sign: “Wow!”). CONSOLIDATING KNOWLEDGE Exercise 1. Legal purpose of contracts Below are various possible answers. Select those that correspond to the legal purposes of contracts. For each correct answer - 1 point. The maximum score for the exercise is 4 points. An agreement may have the following legal purpose: A) transfer of property into ownership; B) restriction of the rights of another person; B) provision of services; D) damage to the interests of the state; D) performance of work; E) transfer of property into use. Exercise 2. Sell, gift or exchange? Each correct answer is worth 1 point. The maximum score for the exercise is 3 points. Fill in the missing words from the given options. If you own property, you can: A) for its money... ( sell, exchange, give); B) this property is free.... (sell, exchange, give); B) for something... (sell, exchange, give). Check your knowledge rating If you get all the points, Wizard Juris applauds you. Rating of excellent knowledge. If all points minus 2 points are scored - a rating of solid knowledge. If fewer points are scored, the rating is for familiarization knowledge. If you wish, you can write down a rating of your knowledge. I scored ____ points for this meeting. This is a rating of ____________ (excellent, solid, introductory) knowledge. I earned ____ points for this meeting and previous meetings.

Meeting 1. Who are lawyers? How to become a lawyer I. A LITTLE LEGAL THEORY. Meeting 2. What is society and the state. Meeting 3. What is law? Meeting 4. What is the rule of law. Meeting 5. How one state differs from another. Meeting 6. State mechanism. Meeting 7. Concept of law. Basic systems of law. Meeting 8. Principles of law Meeting 9. Differences in legal knowledge. Why is jurisprudence divided into branches of law Meeting 10 Rules of law Meeting 11. Legal institutions Meeting 12. What are normative legal acts. Meeting 13. What types of regulatory legal acts are there? The power of regulations Meeting 14. Legal relations Meeting 15. Legal facts Meeting 16. Lawful and unlawful behavior. Types of offenses. Meeting 17. What is legal responsibility. ??. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Meeting 18. The Constitution is the fundamental law of the state. Structure (internal construction) of the Constitution. Meeting 19. Citizenship Meeting 20. The concept, emergence and legal consolidation of human rights Meeting 21. Content and generations of fundamental human rights Meeting 22. What is direct and representative democracy Meeting 23. Parliament is the legislative body of the state Meeting 24. Who heads the state Meeting 25 . Executive authorities of the state Meeting 26. Justice Meeting 27. Constitutional Court Meeting 28. Local government III. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Meeting 29. What is administrative law and why is it necessary? Meeting 30. Techniques of administrative and legal influence. Meeting 31. Administrative offense. Types of administrative offenses Meeting 32. Types of administrative penalties IV. CRIMINAL LAW Meeting 33. Why criminal law is needed Meeting 34. Concept, signs and elements of a crime Meeting 35. Criminal punishment Meeting 36. Certain types of crimes V. CIVIL LAW Meeting 37. What civil law studies Meeting 38. Participants in civil legal relations Meeting 39. What is a transaction Meeting 40. Property rights Meeting 41. What is an obligation Meeting 42. What is a contract Meeting 43. Certain types of contracts Meeting 44. Non-contractual obligations. Meeting 45. Inheritance relations Meeting 46. Intellectual property VI. FAMILY LAW Meeting 47. What family law studies Meeting 48. Marriage and family Meeting 49. Property of spouses Meeting 50. Rights and responsibilities of parents and children. Alimony Meeting 51. Guardianship and trusteeship. Adoption VII. FINANCIAL RIGHT Meeting 52. Financial activities of the state Meeting 53. State budget Meeting 54. Taxes Meeting 55. Monetary circulation. Currency operations VIII.Labor law Meeting 56. Why is it necessary and what does labor law study? Meeting 57. Employment contract Meeting 58. Working time and rest time Meeting 59. Remuneration IX. Land law Meeting 60. What does land law study? Meeting 61. Land fund Meeting 62. Land ownership. Land use X. Criminal procedural law Meeting 63. Why criminal procedural law is necessary Meeting 64. Participants in criminal proceedings Meeting 65. Evidence in criminal proceedings Meeting 66. Sources of evidence Meeting 67. Criminal proceedings. Preliminary investigation Meeting 68. Consideration of a criminal case in court XI. CIVIL PROCEDURE LAW Meeting 69. The concept of civil procedural law Meeting 70. Subjects of civil proceedings Meeting 71. Consideration of civil cases in court

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The legal profession is one of the most widespread in the last twenty-five years. The growth and complexity of economic and business activities leads to the development of the judicial sphere, the lawyer network, and the notary office. But today we will not talk about them who work in legal organizations, but about those who provide legal activities in enterprises of the national economy, because today not a single developed organization can do without the services of in-house lawyers: laws are becoming more complex, and simple “legal self-awareness” is no longer enough.

How does is called?

In the states of commercial organizations you will not find judges, prosecutors and bailiffs. Legal advisers or just lawyers work there. Employees with law degrees may be called contract specialists or corporate relations specialists. Depending on the level of the position, the titles also vary: legal assistant, specialist, senior, chief, leading specialist, head of division, head of legal services, vice president for legal issues.

Who becomes the Chief Legal Officer?

Lawyers are trained by law faculties of universities and specialized law schools - Moscow Financial and Legal Academy, Moscow Financial and Legal University (MFUL), Moscow State Law University (MSUL) and others.

Former employees of law enforcement agencies, whose diplomas indicate the profession of “lawyer,” also come to legal positions in civil organizations. It has been noticed that representatives of other professions who are successful in their field often become lawyers. They receive legal education as an addition to their main activity in order to more effectively solve production problems. So, most often “noticed” in this are representatives of the financial sector, politicians or public figures (for example, trade unionists), insurers - all those whose activities are connected by legal relations and in which conflicts are possible.

What qualities do you need to have to be successful in this profession?

A lawyer once told me: “You psychologists deal with science, but we lawyers deal with people.” There is some truth in this phrase: a lawyer communicates with people, even about the activities of organizations. At the same time, he must separate interpersonal relationships from legal ones, and this is the main skill in the field of communication and interaction with people. And if you are a lawyer speaking in courts on behalf of your organization like a lawyer, then you must speak coherently, coherently and convincingly.

But the main skills of a lawyer: the ability to write documents, that is, not only to draw up contracts, but also to write letters, regulations, and local regulations. The most important skill of a lawyer is to read documents: not only to understand what is read, although this is not easy in relation to documents written in complex legal language, but also to find possible hidden meanings, to predict the features of its application: what this document can limit, and what, on the contrary, it allows. So, clever lawyers look for a gap in the legislation in order to circumvent the prohibitions, or vice versa, a finely drafted document allows its author to further interpret it from different angles, using an invisible and profitable loophole deliberately included in the text.

A good lawyer has impeccable logic, which allows him not only to disarm the “enemy” in a legal dispute, but also to feel more confident in life.

Of course, attention to detail, accuracy, and literacy are important, especially for the error-free preparation of documents and their careful checking.

How to build a career in this profession?

Today, the labor market is oversaturated with lawyers; almost every university graduates them, which means that finding a job as a lawyer is not easy. Therefore, most law graduates begin their long career path with the positions of assistants and assistants.

Career advancement depends on the chosen specialization. Lawyers engaged in the field of corporate law work on building a holding company, acquiring or selling assets, mergers and acquisitions, and developing mechanisms for managing organizations of heterogeneous legal nature. Lawyers working on building organization management tools develop local regulations, monitor the consistency of regulations, improve the rules for coordination and approval of documents, adjust them when legislation changes, etc. International lawyers monitor the state of foreign assets, respond to changes in international or local law that may affect the interests of the organization.

There are also “internal lawyers” - lawyers who defend the interests of the organization in court. They know business and procedural law well.

One of the primary stages of a legal career is specialists engaged in analytics; they monitor changes in legislation, court decisions, study law enforcement practices, and study specific precedents and cases useful for solving the problems of their organization.

The second aspect of a career, in addition to specialization, is the scale and degree of responsibility of the cases that a lawyer conducts, and the success achieved in this. The more complex the task, the faster the success achieved in solving it will advance the lawyer’s career. And if success is stable, then your career will be consistent. They say about such people: whatever you order, he will do everything, and how he will do it!

The “rescue effect” is especially valued in a lawyer’s work. As a rule, ordinary citizens do not know the intricacies and limits of possible restrictions, so they act with a safety margin. If difficulties arise or when the first and unclear signs of a threat appear, they turn to a lawyer. And when he resolves them, the customer, feeling free from litigation, is very grateful, although perhaps the lawyer easily coped with this task. An experienced lawyer knows this effect, knows how to present himself correctly, and, as a rule, is highly valued by the employer, saving him from real and imaginary threats, and most importantly, he is promoted by the employer, if not up the career ladder, then along the salary scale.

The role of a lawyer in organizations of different sizes can be performed by specialists of different “scales” something like this:

	Small organization	Medium organization	Large organization	Holding, group of companies
Approximate job title	Lawyer	Chief lawyer, Head of legal department	Head of Legal Department	Vice President for Legal Affairs
Main task, role	Control of contracts, verification of legal entities	Development of the legal framework of the organization	Legal security, asset management	Business support, legal security
Subordinates	No	No or lawyers, legal consultants	Heads of departments	Heads of legal services of subordinate organizations

The lawyer closely interacts, first of all, with the financial and commercial block, as well as with external organizations - with banks, creditor organizations and debtor organizations, with lawyers representing the interests of other organizations and individuals (company clients and former employees).

Knowledge of related fields has a significant impact on your career.

A lawyer often understands financial issues and taxation issues, and some are oriented not only in issues of the Russian accounting system (RAS), but also in foreign standards - the international financial reporting system (IFRS).

We said earlier that an MBA (Master of Business Administration) degree is usually required to fill senior positions, but this degree is usually not required for the position of director of legal affairs.

I think it will be interesting that it concerns everyday life, first of all - how to protect your rights in a store, dry cleaner, etc. (Federal Law ZPP), what rights a passenger has during air travel and other types of transport, also issues of family law may be interested in issues of criminal law - in high-profile cases (trials), human rights activists - the status of a lawyer, etc.

International law - public and private, how it is applied, etc. The life of modern society is subject to a huge number of laws, regulations, rules, etc. Making decisions about whether this or that action is permissible, or how to competently resolve a conflict situation ( be it the refusal of store employees to return money for a low-quality product, the division of property between spouses during a divorce, the threat of dismissal from work, or something else like that), first of all, you need to focus on the laws that exist on the relevant occasions.

Profession: lawyer

To understand what area of scientific knowledge jurisprudence considers, it is necessary to refer to the term itself.

What kind of science is this? Legal science, jurisprudence (lat. jūris prūdentia “jurisprudence”, from lat.

jūs, jūris “right” and lat. prūdentia “foresight”, “knowledge”) is a science that studies the properties of state and law. It becomes clear that without this science the existence of neither the state nor society is possible. As a relatively independent knowledge, jurisprudence arose in Ancient Rome (late 4th - early 2nd century BC).

BC), which was associated with the identification of a separate type of state activity - legal. For a long time, knowledge of jurisprudence remained the responsibility of the pontiffs - one of the colleges of priests. In 253 BC. the beginning of public teaching of law was laid, although there were no educational institutions in the modern sense.

Emerging already in the XI-XIII centuries. (initially in Bologna and other Italian cities)

Lexical topic “Professions in kindergarten”

Natalya Dippel WE OFFER A SELECTION OF DIDACTICAL MATERIAL ON THE TOPIC: “Professions of kindergarten” Didactic games “Who works where?” Goal: to clarify children’s ideas about where people of different professions work and what their workplace is called.

Kindergartener; school teacher; doctor - in a hospital, clinic, kindergarten, school; cook - in the kitchen, dining room, restaurant, cafe... etc. “Who knows and can do this?” Goal: to expand children’s ideas about what knowledge and skills people of different professions should have. Knows children's poems, tells fairy tales, plays and walks with children... a teacher.

Plays the piano, knows children's songs, teaches singing, dancing, plays musical games with children... music director. Knows the human body, can provide first aid, knows how to recognize and treat diseases... a doctor, etc.

Lesson on understanding the surrounding world “Professions of kindergarten workers”

Program content: - Develop children's knowledge about the professions of people working in kindergarten; to activate in independent children's speech the names of tools necessary for people of certain professions. - Exercise children in the practical mastery of the coordination of certain grammatical forms. Develop mental operations, the ability to generalize and compare, children’s imagination, the desire to participate in joint work, .Material: white coat, thermometer, saucepan, ladle, frying pan; children's musical instruments; mop, rag and bucket; toys, books, pencils, pen; hammer, nails, saw, screwdriver. Lesson progress Educator: Guys, today we will talk about everyone who was next to us, raised you, raised you, took care of you, did different jobs. - So who was next to you here all these years? - How do people become teachers, nannies, cooks, doctors?

Are they born this way?

We tell children about professions in a fairy tale

"" Children grow up quickly, and every day they ask more and more questions. And I really want to tell them everything as interesting and colorful as possible!

This time we will try to tell children about professions.

There are a lot of them, they are all interesting, but we will try to explain to children what a profession is and tell them about the main professions.

So, we tell children about professions with the help of a fairy tale! There lived two little girls - Katya and Lera.

They were sisters and were very curious.

Every day they asked their mom and dad a lot of questions, so that they simply did not have time to answer them: - Why? - But as? - And where? - And why? And that’s why mom and dad called them why. And then one day the little girls were walking in the yard and playing happily. Katya took out the candy she had taken with her from home from her pocket, unwrapped it, quickly put it in her mouth and threw the candy wrapper on the ground.

We study various professions together with children

» In front of you is a poster “Professions in pictures for children.” With it, you can tell children about professions in a simple and relaxed manner.

The poster contains such professions for children as: surgeon, policeman, waiter, butcher, gardener, plumber, hairdresser, politician, singer, tailor, dentist, cleaner, scientist, fireman, cashier, nurse, astronaut, optician, farmer, doctor, courier, builder, sculptor, cook, architect, detective, public transport driver, secretary, operator, teacher, veterinarian, mechanic, businessman, garbage man, artist, driver, stylist, electrician, lawyer, sales manager, carpenter, maid, accountant, engineer, policeman, dentist, salesman, border guard, librarian, welder, tank driver. Here you can learn a lot about the professions of a pilot, firefighter, doctor, which are considered one of the most dangerous.

Pictures, poems, riddles, stories, photos, video presentations, songs and cartoons will help you with this.

“How to tell your child about your profession” consultation (senior, preparatory group) on the topic

The child should know about your profession From the point of view of children, work is what parents leave home for every day in order to leave him alone with the prose of life. With grandma, with a nanny, or in a kindergarten group.

Mom or dad rarely call from work, they speak restrainedly, abruptly (not like at home!) and suddenly call it a day.

(“I have a lot of work!”, “The meeting has begun!”). At work, the closest people sometimes stay late at work, and because of it, they don’t get to spend as much time at the dacha or at the sea as they would like. At the same time, this mysterious world, like other attributes of adult life, cannot help but attract. Surely your child asks questions about what you do at work.

What's the best way to explain to him what you do?

A child’s ideas about the range of professions are limited to those areas that he encounters in everyday life. Many boys and girls dream of becoming children's doctors, educators, salesmen, hairdressers - after all, the guys have watched their work more than once.

“All professions are needed, all professions are important.” Introducing children to professions

Sveta Pochtareva “All professions are needed, all professions are important” Project goal: Introducing children to professions Project objectives: 1.

Familiarize children with the work of adults 2.

Expand children's knowledge about relatives, their professions, the significance of their work in the family and society; 3.

To instill in children a sense of respect for the work of adults. Project implementation mechanism: 1. Acquaintance with children's literature about adult labor and professions; 2. Conversation with children about professions; 3. Compilation of a thematic catalog on this issue; 4. Card index of riddles about professions; 5. Didactic game “Who needs what for work?”; 6.

Role-playing games; 7. Design, together with parents, of the album “All works are good” Program content: 1.

To consolidate children's knowledge about various professions: their name and type of activity. 2. Be able to establish cause-and-effect relationships and express them in speech with a subordinate clause using the preposition because. 3.

Summary of the integrated lesson “All professions are needed, all professions are important” for children of senior preschool age

Elena Pereverzova Educational objectives: To consolidate children's knowledge about various professions.

Activate the dictionary on the topic “Professions”. Improving the grammatical structure of speech Educational objectives: To form a positive attitude towards different professions. To foster hard work and respect for the work of adults.

Developmental tasks: To develop children's interest in joint play activities, to teach them to adopt a playful image.

Development of associative and figurative thinking, sustained attention, auditory and visual memory. Preliminary work: Examination of illustrations about professions and the results of the work of people in different professions.

Learning poems and proverbs on the topic, reading and discussing fiction about professions.

Many schoolchildren are faced with choosing a future profession. Fedor Nikiforovich Plevako. In addition to considering practical cases, which, among other things, is a fascinating read, the student learns how to correctly structure his speech, how to ask questions correctly, how a judge, prosecutor, lawyer, and investigator work. Many of them subsequently regret the blind choice they made. Articles, memoirs, letters. Section five. Judicial practice: Petr Akimovich Alexandrov. Konstantin Fedorovich Khartulari. Microsoft Windows XP Sp2 Processor: Pentium III Memory: 256 Mb Sound CD-ROM: 24x Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 (Supplied on disk) Kodek DivX (Supplied on disk) Adobe Flash Player (Supplied on disk) Contents of the encyclopedia: Section one. R. Harris. School of Advocacy. “Guide to the conduct of civil and criminal cases” Section two. P. Sergeich. “The art of speech in court” Section three. N. S. Tagantsev. “Russian criminal law” Section four. A. F. Koni. “Collected works” Notes of a judicial figure. Cassation conclusions. Whoever is interested in this will choose this most complex and interesting profession. Alexander Ivanovich Urusov. To the future lawyer, investigator, prosecutor, judge. The purpose of this publication is a serious story about the legal profession, and specifically about the work of a lawyer, investigator, prosecutor, and judge. Memories of the case of Vera Zasulich. Accusatory speeches. Guiding instructions for jurors. Playing time 1 hour 28 minutes. Vladimir Ivanovich Zhukovsky. Playing time 1 hour 41 minutes. Section ten. Audio: Mark Aldanov “Colonel Picard and the Dreyfus Affair” Performed by Vladimir Korolev. Moral principles in criminal proceedings. Vladimir Danilovich Spasovich. Sergey Arkadyevich Andreevsky. The publication tells about the history of law, theory and practical activities using examples of the work of the most outstanding lawyers in Russia and foreign experience. And most of them, when choosing a profession, have no idea what they have to study and what to do. Nikolai Iosifovich Kholev. Section six. Encyclopedic articles. Section seven. Illustrations: “Russian criminal law” Section eight. Illustrations: A.F. Koni “Collected Works” Section nine. Audio: Mark Aldanov “Azef” Performed by Ilya Bobylev. Konstantin Konstantinovich Arsenyev. This is the purpose of this encyclopedia, which will be of interest not only to schoolchildren, but also to law students and practicing lawyers. Nikolai Platonovich Karabchevsky. System requirements Operating system: Encyclopedia introduces the work of outstanding Russian and European lawyers: R. Harris, P. Sergeech, N. Tagantsev, A. Koni, P. Alexandrov, F. Plevako, N. Urusov, S. Andreevsky and others. Stories about famous criminal cases are presented as audio materials.

Lawyer- This is a person who monitors the implementation of the law. The law arose when people entered into certain relationships with each other.

For example, Robinson Crusoe, who lived alone, did not need any laws at all. He had no one to sort things out with. But as soon as Friday appeared, the possibility of conflicts arose between Robinson and his servant, strengthening the rights of one to the detriment of the rights of the other. A law became necessary. Laws were developed by lawyers and recorded in special books - codes.

There are different types of lawyers: lawyers, prosecutors, judges. Lawyers protect the interests of people in court and also provide legal assistance. A lawyer defends in court the rights of any person who turns to him for help. He collects materials that could help his client, makes a speech in his defense in order to mitigate the court sentence. The judge is the main person in the court, he monitors compliance with the laws, studies cases and decides the guilt or innocence of a person. The prosecutor (or, as he is also called, the prosecutor) accuses the person who is appearing in court, based on the facts he has collected. The court makes the final decision whether to put a person in prison or to release him, after hearing the prosecutor, lawyer, and jury, whose opinion the judges cannot ignore. (Juries are people who sit in court and express their opinions about the case before making a final decision on it.)

To become a lawyer, you need to study at a law institute, where future lawyers study laws that they must understand very well, because a person’s life depends on their word. What a responsible profession this is!

There are many glorious professions,
There are probably a million of them
But the lawyer is the most important
After all, there is a LAW behind it.
The lawyer gives advice to everyone,
Both big and children,
What's legal and what's not
He will always answer
He will explain and advise us,
And he will punish the criminals.