Modeling and management. Strategic Management Modeling

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Business process management tools

BizAgi Suite

If you want to get not only models and descriptions of business processes, but also create executable applications on them, then this is exactly what you need. BizAgi Suite consists essentially of two modules - BizAgi Modeler, which is used to model and describe business processes, and BizAgi Studio, which allows you to turn models into executable applications. The cool thing is that it does not require programming skills, i.e. everyone is able to make applications.

ELMA BPM

The highlight of the program is the possibility of integration with the 1C platform, which, of course, is very attractive for Russian companies. What does it mean? This means that everything that happens in 1C will be reflected in ELMA. And vice versa)

ELMA allows you to execute and track processes in real time. To build models, BPMN 2.0 notation is used. By the way, it was thanks to the ELMA staff that the notation was translated into Russian. For which many human thanks to them.

The document management system in the system is very powerful. All documents are classified by type, sorted into folders, have rules for creating and working, etc. Of course, it will take time to bring your documents in the required form and compliance with the system, but it's worth it. If everything is done correctly, then you can easily track the life cycle of any document.

There are additional modules - Projects, CRM, etc. But I have not tried them, so I can not say anything.

The company deals with integration and training on working with ELMA independently. Judging by the implemented projects, we can say that they know their job.

Functionality and features

Building business process models
Assigning Business Process Roles to Employees
Real-time execution and tracking of processes
Document management system work
Convenient “help”
Great support
Integration with 1C

Cost

77 000 rubles for 10 licenses of ELMA Standart. This is the minimum amount. In my opinion, the cost is quite adequate to the functionality.

Summary

Have you firmly decided to engage in the management of business processes, their automation and improvement? Are you attached to 1C? Then ELMA is what you need.

Business studio

Like ELMA, this is a Russian development. Probably the most well-developed tool for managing business processes in the domestic market. The first version was released in 2004. I first came across this program in 2006. At that time, it was the best solution.

In principle, everything is pretty standard in the program - we define the goals of the company, model processes that allow us to achieve goals, assign responsible people from the organizational structure tree, mark the resources used in the processes.

It is very remarkable that for setting goals the concept of a balanced scorecard is used. This is one of the most successful methods of translating a company’s strategy into a tangible and understandable way.

Building business processes, as often happens, is done from top to bottom. The program supports several modeling notations: IDEF, eEPC, BPMN and several others.

There is the possibility of simulation, conducting functional-cost analysis and automatic generation of documents, for example, job descriptions. Documents comply with legal requirements, which greatly facilitates the work. The execution and monitoring of processes occurs through integration with other systems, for example, ELMA.

Functionality and features

Modeling processes in different notations
Setting company goals according to the balanced scorecard
Integration with third-party systems.
Process Control
Knowledge base

Cost

The pricing is flexible, so to determine the cost you need to contact the consultants of the company. Because I have not encountered the purchase of this software in the last couple of years, then the order of numbers is unknown to me.

Summary

The system is powerful. But complicated. Serious expenses will be required, first of all temporary - for debugging and system integration. It’s best if you have a department or just a few business analysts who will take on this work. Work with the program requires a deep understanding of the methods and specifics of the program.

Business Process Modeling

Visual paradigm

Frankly, this is the best program for modeling and describing business processes. I have not seen a more convenient, functional, and flexible modeling tool.

To begin with, VP supports a large number of notations, flowcharts, and models. Starting from standard notations and ending with database schemes, interaction diagrams and matrices.

The simulation itself is very convenient. The program completely lacks the flaws inherent in others, for example: the influx of chart elements on each other, the intersection of arrows, failures when dragging and dropping objects, pools, etc. The interface is convenient, clear and can be configured by the user.

All models can be connected to each other, so modeling the entire business system is not a problem. In addition, it is possible to carry out simulation modeling and verification of diagrams.

VP allows you to control in detail the attributes of the elements, which, in turn, allows you to automatically generate excellent descriptions. Because the program is initially aimed at developers of information systems, each element can be set conditions for behavior in the system, business rules, etc. By the way, document templates are also customizable.

And finally, the program allows you to upload the resulting model in the form of program code. And in different languages! Of course, this feature is of high value in the development of information systems and the automation of business processes.

Functionality and features

Modeling business processes in different notations
Building other models
Model Check
Automatic document generation
Creating and assigning rules for model behavior
Model relationship
Unloading models in the form of program code
Mac OS X Version

Cost

By subscription - $ 35 per month
Full license - $ 800

Summary

The best program for modeling and describing business processes.

BizAgi Modeler

This is part of the aforementioned BizAgi Suite. The program is independent of the complete set and can be delivered separately.

Very simple, concise and convenient interface.

A good working tool for modeling, which is also often updated and improved. Models built in BizAgi Modeler are fully compatible with the full version - Suite. There are certain modeling limitations that are specific to this program only, which are not in BPMN notation, but they are bypassed in principle.

Working with models is very convenient. True, annoying displacements of model elements can sometimes occur. Especially when dragging a large number of elements. In my opinion, the optimization of the arrangement of arrows and elements is not well developed. This leads to the fact that sometimes you have to tinker a bit for a harmonious arrangement of elements.

The relationship of the diagrams is not well developed. Those. You can link, but not directly. You can assign any attributes to elements - you yourself determine the name and properties of the attribute.

It is possible to test models and generate descriptions using a template.

Despite some shortcomings, this tool deserves a solid five and is suitable for small companies. Especially in light of the fact that the tool is completely free.

Functionality and features

BPMN Notation
Model Check
Automatic document generation
Managing attributes of model elements
Ability to add your own elements in the model
Unloading the model in graphical form
User friendly interface
In Russian
Collaboration on models is possible.

Cost

Completely free

Summary

Suitable for both beginners and companies already involved in modeling and description of processes. Easy to learn. Highly recommend.

In April in Moscow, I give a course Business Management in an Organization, which discusses business process modeling in BizAgi Modeler. .

ARIS Express

Free and simple “drawing” of processes from a monster named ARIS. More specifically, Software AG.

It has several models at its disposal - in particular: business process models in eEPC and BPMN notation, organizational models, process maps, etc. It is notable for the presence of the Smart Design function, which allows you to quickly hammer the necessary data into a table and the program will create a chart on its own. For quick sketches it is very convenient.

Unfortunately, Express is just a graphical tool. Models cannot be connected with each other, attributes cannot be assigned and the like. The composition of the chart elements is very limited, so you cannot create a model in Express and export to ARIS BA. By the way, in no case use this software to work with BPMN notation. Despite the fact that such models can be created here, their limitations give a radically incorrect impression of the BPMN functionality.

However, I know very serious companies that use this tool. Moreover, some argue that it is more convenient than MS Visio. This is not true. Visio is a powerful tool that allows you to actually create your own process management environment. But about this some other time.

Functionality and features

EEPC and BPMN notations
Process map
Organizational structure
Smart Design Function
Unloading the model in graphical form
Simple interface

Cost

Completely free

Summary

Choose ARIS Express if all of the above limitations do not bother you. Well, if you prefer eEPC notation.

At the end of March, Moscow will host business process modeling based on ARIS Express. Recording is open.

Online services for modeling business processes

Gliffy

Great service with a variety of features. Allows you to create not only models in BPMN notation, but also workflows, design a user interface, create UML diagrams, organization diagrams, site maps, etc.

What is very important, the service allows for collective work on diagrams, and all versions of the model are saved. Alternatively, you can embed a shortcode diagram in your website. By the way, my article map is made in this service.

When modeling processes, it is possible to link diagrams with each other through hyperlinks, because one diagram is, in fact, one page.

All BPMN notation elements are already present in the service. It is also possible to independently change the appearance of elements and add your own. In the free version, you can export charts only as graphic files.

Functionality and features

Full BPMN support
Hyperlink Model Relations
Convenient model building
Flexible customization of the appearance of elements

Cost

Free with little restrictions.
$ 4.95 per month for the standard version and $ 9.95 for the business version

Summary

Convenient and functional service for creating business process diagrams and more.

BPsimulator

Well, a very interesting service, in which the emphasis is not on the model, but on the simulation and evaluation of the model.

It works as follows: model the process -\u003e set the properties of the flows, cost, duration and employment of employees -\u003e start the simulation -\u003e see the process indicators based on the results of the simulation.

What does it give? Actually a lot. Simulation makes it easy to detect bottlenecks in a process, calculate the cost of resources in a process, evaluate resource loading, etc.

The simulator is simple, or rather, it has certain limitations, but you can benefit from it. And with skill, and considerable.

Management is quite convenient. Arrows have tunnels (I always pay attention to this moment). Received reports and models can be saved to a computer, Google Drive or One Drive.

Functionality and features

Process simulation
Cost / Duration Estimation
Simulation
Convenient model building
Reports
Saving Models to Google Drive or One Drive

Cost

Free with ads
300 rubles / month without advertising and with small buns

Summary

I strongly advise you to try.

Draw io

The service allows you to build a huge number of diagrams and has a large set of elements. Including kits for building BPMN and eEPC diagrams.

It is possible to link models through hyperlinks. In addition, you can attach files from cloud data stores to items.

Working with models is relatively convenient. You can customize the appearance of elements in every way. But this is inconvenient, there is no tunneling of arrows, as well as repulsion of objects. Those. one element can be placed on another. Which leads to the fact that it is necessary to spend time on the manual arrangement of chart elements.

The service allows you to save models to Google Drive, Dropbox, One Drive or to a computer. It is possible to export models in the formats of graphic files, PDF, HTML, XLS.

Functionality and features

Construction of various diagrams
Saving Models to Google Drive, Dropbox, or One Drive
No teamwork possible

Cost

Is free

Summary

Simple and free drawing. Thanks to integration with cloud storage, it can be used as part of a team of employees.

That's all.

The life cycle of an information system is divided into four stages:

Clarification;

Construction;

Transfer to operation.

The boundaries of each stage are determined by certain points in time at which certain critical decisions must be made and, therefore, certain key goals must be achieved.

Initial stage: modeling, requirements management

At the initial stage, the scope of the system is established and the boundary conditions are determined. For this, it is necessary to identify all external objects with which the developed system should interact, and to determine the nature of this interaction at a high level. At the initial stage, all the functionality of the system is identified and the most significant of them are described.

Business applications include:

Development success criteria;

Risk assessment;

Assessment of the resources required to complete the development;

Schedule with deadlines for the completion of the main stages.

As part of this stage, a study and analysis of the activity of the automated object is carried out; Of course, only those processes that correspond to the goals and objectives of this object are of importance. The result is an object model that is usually described in terms of business processes and business functions. At the same time, the shortcomings of existing information systems are identified (recall the principle of continuity) and the needs are formulated to improve the facility management system and / or automation of its individual functions. The requirements must be economically sound. The result of the described stages of the stage is the execution of a feasibility study (feasibility study) and terms of reference(TK) for the development of IP. Usually a feasibility study is drawn up as part of the TOR. In addition, the requirements for IP and restrictions on design resources (first of all, deadlines) are necessarily reflected in the TOR. IP requirements are defined as the set of functions implemented by the system, as well as a description of the information provided to it.

2. Stage of refinement: analysis and design.

At the refinement stage, an analysis of the applied area is carried out, the architectural basis of the information system is being developed.

When making any decisions regarding the system architecture, it is necessary to take into account the developed system as a whole. This means that it is necessary to describe most of the functional capabilities of the system and take into account the relationships between its individual components.

At the end of the refinement stage, an analysis of architectural decisions and ways to eliminate the main risk factors in the project is carried out.

In accordance with the requirements received, designers develop functional architecture IP, which reflects the structure of its functions, and system architecture IP, which is the composition of the supporting subsystems. The construction of system architecture is carried out on the basis of a description of the functional architecture of IP and actually consists in compiling information processing technologies with the participation of all supporting IP subsystems (primarily information, technical, and software). The result of the design stage is usually:

1) conceptual, logical and physical data models of IP;

2) specifications of IP modules;

3) specification of IP user interfaces;

4) the set of selected design solutions that determine the architecture of the IP - including the selected software platform, the number of links in the architecture (single-link, two-link [client-server or file server], three-link), and others. The final document that completes the design phase is technical project (TP).

3. Stage of construction: coding and testing

At the design stage, a finished product is developed, ready for transfer to the user.

At the end of this stage, the working capacity of the developed software is determined.

At this stage, complex debugging of the IS is carried out, the system modules are checked for their specifications (the presence of all necessary functions, the absence of unnecessary functions), the operation is checked for reliability (recoverability after software and hardware failures, MTBF, etc.), staff training . Sophisticated information systems usually require experimental implementation: for example, first the IP is installed in one department of the organization, then the remaining units are gradually connected to automation. The implementation phase ends with signing acceptance test report - which establishes compliance with the implemented IP requirements of the customer.

4. Stage of transfer to operation: installation and maintenance.

At the stage of transfer to operation, the developed software is transferred to users. When operating the developed system in real conditions, various problems often arise that require additional work on making adjustments to the developed product. This, as a rule, is associated with the detection of errors and shortcomings.

At the end of the commissioning phase, it is necessary to determine whether the development goals are achieved or not.

At this stage, the process of regular operation of the IP is ensured, which, among other things, includes the collection of complaints (claims) and statistics on the functioning of the IP, the correction of errors and omissions, the execution of requirements for the modernization of IP.

The relevance of the problem. For the successful implementation of management activities, it is necessary to have a clear idea of \u200b\u200bthe structure of the organization, the interaction of its components and the organization’s relations with the environment.

The existing organizations are distinguished by a huge diversity both in the lines of activity and in the form of ownership, scale, and other parameters. Moreover, each organization is unique in its own way. However, the same principles, methods and techniques are used to manage all organizations. In order to adapt them to the characteristics of a particular enterprise, clearly define the place of management structures in the overall structure of the enterprise, as well as their interaction with each other and with other departments, modeling is widely used. Therefore, the study of modeling in management is an urgent problem.

The degree of knowledge of the problem. The work of foreign scientists A. Demodoran, M.Kh. is also devoted to problems of modeling managerial processes. Mescon, J. Neumann, L. Plunkett, G. Hale, O. Morgenthain, P. Scott, M. Adddows, R. Stansfield, K.G. Corley, S. Wally and J. R. Baum.

Of the domestic specialists involved in the study of modeling in management, the work of K.A. Bagrinovsky, E.V. Berezhnoy, V.I. Berezhnogo, V.G. Boltyansky, A.S. Bolshakova, V.P. Busygina, G.K.Zhdanova, Ya.G. Neujmina, A.I. Orlova, G.P. Fomina and others.

The aim of the course work is the study of modeling in management. To achieve this goal, we need to solve the following tasks:

1. study the literature on this issue;

2. determine the essence of the concept of the modeling process and the classification of models;

3. to analyze the model of the organization as an object of management;

4. to consider the features of modeling management processes:

· Verbal model;

· Mathematical modeling;

· Practical management model.

The structure of the course work consists of introduction, two chapters, five paragraphs, conclusion, list of used literature.

Chapter 1. The essence of modeling in management activities

1.1. The concept of the modeling process. Classification of models

Modeling is the creation of a model, i.e., an image of an object that replaces it, to obtain information about this object by conducting experiments with its model.

A model in a general sense (a generalized model) is a specific object created for the purpose of obtaining and (or) storing information (in the form of a mental image, description by symbolic means or a material system), reflecting the properties, characteristics and relationships of the original object of an arbitrary nature, essential for the task solved by the subject.

Object models are simpler systems, with a clear; structure, well-defined relationships between the components, allowing a more detailed analysis of the properties of real objects and their behavior in various situations. Thus, modeling is an analysis tool for complex systems and objects.

Models put forward a number of mandatory requirements. Firstly, the model should be adequate to the object, i.e., to match it as fully as possible from the point of view of the properties selected for study.

Secondly, the model must be complete. This means that it should make it possible, using appropriate methods and methods of studying the model, to investigate the object itself, that is, to obtain some statements regarding its properties, operating principles, and behavior under given conditions.

Many applicable models can be classified according to the following criteria:

· Modeling method;

· The nature of the simulated system;

· Scale simulation.

By the method of modeling, the following types of models are distinguished:

· Analytical, when the behavior of the modeling object is described in the form of functional dependencies and logical conditions;

· Simulation, in which real processes are described by a set of algorithms implemented on a computer.

By the nature of the simulated system, the models are divided:

· Deterministic, in which all elements of the object of modeling are constantly clearly defined;

· Stochastic when models include random controls.

Depending on the time factor, the models are divided into static and dynamic. Static models (schemes, graphs, diagrams of data flows) allow you to describe the structure of the simulated system, but do not give information about its current state, which changes over time. Dynamic models allow us to describe the development over time of the processes occurring in the system. Unlike static, dynamic models allow you to update the values \u200b\u200bof variables, the models themselves, dynamically calculate various process parameters and the results of actions on the system.

Models can be divided into the following types:

1) Functional models - express direct relationships between endogenous and exogenous variables.

2) Models expressed using systems of equations for endogenous quantities. Express the balance relations between various economic indicators (for example, a model of interindustry balance).

3) Models of optimization type. The main part of the model is a system of equations for endogenous variables. But the goal is to find the optimal solution for a certain economic indicator (for example, to find such values \u200b\u200bof tax rates in order to ensure the maximum inflow of funds to the budget for a given period of time).

4) Simulation models - a very accurate reflection of an economic phenomenon. The simulation model allows you to answer the question: "What will happen if ...". The simulation system is a set of models that simulate the course of the process under study, combined with a special system of auxiliary programs and an information base that allows simple and quick implementation of variant calculations.

Mathematical equations may contain complex, nonlinear, stochastic dependencies.

On the other hand, models can be divided into manageable and predictive. Managed models answer the question: “What will happen if ...?”; “How to achieve the desired?”, And they contain three groups of variables: 1) variables characterizing the current state of the object; 2) control actions - variables affecting the change in this state and amenable to targeted selection; 3) source data and external influences, i.e. external parameters and initial parameters.

In predictive models, management is not explicitly allocated. They answer the questions: "What will happen if everything remains as before?"

Further, models can be divided according to the method of measuring time into continuous and discrete. In any case, if there is time in the model, then the model is called dynamic. Most often, the models use discrete time, because information is received discretely: reports, balances and other documents are drawn up periodically. But from a formal point of view, a continuous model may be easier to study. Note that in physical science the discussion continues about whether real physical time is continuous or discrete.

Usually, large enough socio-economic models include material, financial and social sections. The material section is the balances of products, production capacities, labor, natural resources. This is a section describing the fundamental processes, this is a level that is usually weakly subject to control, especially fast, since it is very inert.

The financial section contains cash flow balances, rules for the formation and use of funds, pricing rules, etc. At this level, many controllable variables can be distinguished. They can be regulators. The social section contains information about people's behavior. This section introduces many uncertainties into decision-making models, since it is difficult to accurately take into account factors such as labor productivity, consumption structure, motivation, etc.

When constructing models using discrete time, econometric methods are often used. Among them, regression equations and their systems are popular. Often lags are used (delays in the reaction). For systems non-linear in parameters, the application of the method of least squares meets difficulties.

Currently popular approaches to business reengineering processes are based on the active use of mathematical and information models.

When building any model of the management process, it is advisable to adhere to the following action plan:

1) Formulate the goals of studying the system;

2) Choose those factors, components and variables that are most relevant to the given task;

3) Take into account in one way or another extraneous factors not included in the model;

Modeling and management. Strategic Management Modeling

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Chapter 1. The essence of modeling in management activities

1.1. The concept of the modeling process. Classification of models