Chemistry and everyday life is a simple presentation. Presentation of chemistry in human everyday life

Chemistry in the everyday life of a person Bulanova Nika 11 “A” class MBOU secondary school No. 30 Podolsk

Chemistry and everyday life of a person Chemistry, possessing tremendous opportunities, creates unprecedented materials, increases soil fertility, facilitates human labor, saves his time, dresses, preserves his health, creates coziness and comfort, and changes the appearance of people. But the same chemistry can become dangerous to human health, even deadly.

Home medicine kit Hydrogen peroxide is an excellent antiseptic. Ammonium hydroxide aqueous ammonia excites the respiratory center. Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid, is one of the drugs that is widely used as an antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antirheumatic agent. Medicines for the treatment of the cardiovascular system are validol, corvalol, nitro glycerin.

Detergents and cleaners Currently, synthetic detergents, detergents, are widely used. The main one is synthetic surfactants-surfactants in which a long hydrocarbon limit radical is attached to a sulfate or sulfonate group. In addition to surfactants, SMS also includes other components: bleach, softener, foaming agents, aromatic fragrances. Of the oxygen-containing bleaches, sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate are most common.

Means for controlling domestic insects Insecticides - means for controlling insects. Insecticides are used in the form of solutions, emulsions, aerosols. Residential premises should be treated only with drugs recommended for this purpose. These are well-known drugs: chlorophos (), dichlorvos, chlorophos pencils.

Chemicals for hygiene and cosmetics. Cosmetics and hygiene are in close contact, as there are cosmetics (lotion, creams, shampoos, gels) that perform a hygienic function. Important hygiene products include, first of all, soaps and detergents.

Dental Care The most important dentifrices are toothpastes. The main components of toothpaste are as follows: abrasive, binders, foaming agents and thickeners. The first of them provide mechanical cleaning of teeth from plaque and polishing. The most commonly used abrasive is chemically precipitated calcium carbonate, as well as calcium phosphates and polymer sodium metaphosphate.

Deodorants Deodorants are available in solid form, ball and in aerosol packaging. In aerosol cans, liquefied gases are used, the boiling point of which is very low. They easily pass into the gas phase and not only push the base out of the container, but, expanding, spray it into small droplets. For a long time, this role was played only by fluorocarbons.

Cosmetics The pearlescent effect is created by bismuthyl or mica salts containing about 40% titanium oxide. As a hair dye, diluted aqueous solutions of well-soluble salts of lead, silver, copper, bismuth are used. Lightening hair is done using a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution. Coloring shampoos include p-phenylenediamine, resorcinol and other similar compounds.

Chemistry and food Man is the only creature on Earth that exposes almost all of its food to chemical or thermal processing.

The development of the food industry Doctors recommend that for rational and dietary nutrition include bread made from flour containing finely chopped bran in the menu. Nowadays people often talk about “artificial food”. Although this term does not mean obtaining food through chemical reactions. It is about giving natural protein products the taste and look of traditional products, including delicacies.

Chemistry surrounds us everywhere, but unfortunately far from always it has a beneficial effect on a person

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The presentation on the topic “Chemicals in the Everyday Life of Man” (Grade 9) can be downloaded absolutely free on our website. Subject of the project: Chemistry. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you interest your classmates or audience. To view the contents, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the appropriate text under the player. The presentation contains 10 slide (s).

Presentation Slides

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The purpose of the lesson

To generalize knowledge of chemicals used in everyday life; Focus on the environmental issues of clean water; Through testing, identify acquired knowledge on the topic.

Slide 3

After the teacher announces the topic of the lesson and its goal, all students are divided into 6 creative groups: “Water”, “Paper”, “Matches”, “Salt”, “Glass”, “Ceramics”. Each group prepares a presentation on its topic, using the slides. And in the groups there is one student who prepared the message. Messages topics: 1. “Problems of clean water” 2. “The history of paper money” 3. “Who invented the money” 4. “Salt” 5. “The history of the appearance of glass” 6. “Ceramics”. After listening to all the material prepared by the groups on the topic, students begin to perform test tasks (slide 9). The lesson is summarized on the basis of the test and assignments completed on the topic are set off.

Slide 4

Water Fresh Water Ice

Ecological problems of clean water

Planetary water

Water in the human body

Slide 5

Salt

The role of salt in human metabolism. Salt balance in the human body. Getting table salt. The use of salt in the chemical industry.

Slide 6

The history of matches. Types of matches. The processes that occur during the ignition of matches.

Slide 7

Paper. Paper

The story of the paper. Types of paper. Cotton - paper fabrics. Waste paper.

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History of glass. Getting glass. Types of glass. Glassware.

Slide 9

Ceramics

Terracotta. Majolica. Faience. China.

Slide 10

1) The human body consists of water: a) 70%, b) 65%, c) 90% d) 100% 2) Swamp water is a large reserve of fresh water because it contains: a) salt, b) alcohol, c) carbolic acid, d) sulfuric acid 3) The development of putrefactive bacteria stops when the salt content in the water is: a) 10-15%, b) 5-10%, c) 3-6%, d) 1-3%. 4) The first match factory in Russia was registered in: a) 1837, b) 1848, c) 1913, d) 1858. 5) The first paper production in the Moscow State was established in: a) 1550, b) 1590, c) 1670, d) 1367. 6) Crystal is called: a) potassium-sodium glass, b) lead-potassium glass, c) potassium glass, d) sodium glass. 7) Terracotta in Italian means: a) burnt earth, b) salt glaze, c) freezing, d) firing.

Tips for making a good presentation or project report

1. Try to engage the audience in the story, set up interaction with the audience using leading questions, the game part, do not be afraid to make a joke and smile sincerely (where appropriate).
2. Try to explain the slide in your own words, add additional interesting facts, you don’t just need to read the information from the slides, its audience can read it itself.
3. No need to overload your project slides with text blocks, more illustrations and a minimum of text will allow you to better convey information and attract attention. The slide should contain only key information, the rest should be told verbally to the audience.
4. The text should be well readable, otherwise the audience will not be able to see the information presented, will be very distracted from the story, trying to make out at least something, or completely lose all interest. To do this, you need to choose the right font, given where and how the presentation will be broadcast, as well as the right combination of background and text.
5. It is important to rehearse your report, to think about how you say hello to the audience, what you will say first, how to finish the presentation. All comes with experience.
6. Choose the right outfit, because The speaker’s clothing also plays a large role in the perception of his presentation.
7. Try to speak confidently, smoothly and coherently.
8. Try to enjoy the performance, then you can be more laid-back and worry less.

Chemistry lesson summary

2   subject course

"Chemistry and everyday life of man"

Goal:

To create substantive and organizational conditions for independent use of a complex of knowledge and methods of activity on the example of chemicals surrounding a person in everyday life; organize the activities of students to generalize knowledge and methods of activity.

Tasks:

– generalization of students' knowledge of the practical importance of chemicals in everyday life;

– the development of cognitive interest in the subject, the development of skills to apply the knowledge gained in lessons, in practice;

– the formation of communicative competencies - the ability to work in a team, group, to express and defend their own point of view;

– creating comfortable conditions taking into account the individual mental characteristics of students and the individual pace of work, organization of students' independent work with reference material and other information resources, the formation of healthy lifestyle skills.

During the classes .

1 . Organizational moment, goal setting of the lesson

Our today's lesson is devoted to the topic "Chemistry and the everyday life of man." In any branch of human activity, therefore, in any professional activity related to the material world, we inevitably come into contact with substances and use their properties and interaction among themselves. Chemistry, possessing tremendous opportunities, creates unprecedented materials, increases soil fertility, facilitates human labor, saves his time, dresses, maintains his health, creates coziness and comfort, and changes the appearance of people. The use by people of the achievements of modern chemistry requires a high general culture, great responsibility, and, of course, knowledge. It is for this purpose that we are conducting this lesson, and I hope it will be interesting and useful also for those who consider chemistry a boring, useless school subject, far from the everyday life of an ordinary person

As M.V. said Lomonosov "Chemistry widely extends his hands into human affairs." And indeed it is. It is impossible to grasp the immensity, therefore, we will divide the indicated problem into several topics,

Early in the morning we get up and set off to wash ourselves and put ourselves in order, so the first topic is“Hygiene and cosmetics”

Then we run to the kitchen for breakfast, the second topic is “Chemistry and Food”.

And of course, no one will argue what exactly in"Home medicine cabinet"there is a quintessence of what even grandmothers call the word "Chemistry".

And in today's lesson we will discuss only these three topics. In addition, the sacred date for us is approaching - the 65th anniversary of the Great Victory. This victory went to our people very hard. The price of Victory is many millions of human lives, this is pain, this is suffering, this is a great feat not only of soldiers, but also of those who remained in the rear. Chemistry also contributed to the general cause of victory. Today we will not talk about metal smelting, the manufacture of gunpowder, etc. - This is so obvious. But how and what substances helped to live and survive in those difficult years - additional tasks will be offered to you on this topic. Depending on how hard we work today, you will do them in the classroom, or they will become your home.

So, let's begin.

2. The main stage is the presentation of information projects.

You came to the lesson not only with a wealth of theoretical knowledge gained over the four years of our lessons, some of you have been preparing information projects for these topics, so the first word is for you.

1 project “Hygiene and cosmetics”

After each project, tasks are voiced, they are also presented on a slide, and on printouts for each.

Task number 1 - During the Great Patriotic War and in the first post-war years, when there was a shortage of soap, many washed their hair with strained infusion of wood ash. How can one explain the use of ash for these purposes? Write the equations of the corresponding reactions.

2 project "Chemistry and food"

What was the war living today, fortunately, is hard to imagine. But even in those difficult times, life did not stop.

From the memoirs of Irina Ivanovna Korshunova, an excellent student of enlightenment of the USSR and the RSFSR, a resident of the besieged Leningrad: “I often dream at night of 125 besieged grams of bread with fire and blood in half. This piece for us was worth its weight in gold, white and white - it was baked from bran and paper. Bread is still a shrine to me. ”

Task number 2 - Calculate how much of the daily energy requirement for an adult (an average norm of 3000 calories) was the blockade ration of bread weighing 125 g, if its energy value is 200 calories per 100 g.

3 project - “First-aid kit”

During the years of the Second World War, many chemists created the drugs necessary to treat the wounded. Thus, the polymer of vinyl butyl alcohol obtained by M. F. Shostakovsky, a thick viscous liquid, turned out to be a good tool for healing wounds; it was used in hospitals under the name “Shostakovsky balm”. Academician A.V. Palladium synthesized drugs to stop bleeding. Scientists at Moscow University have synthesized the enzyme trombone - a drug for blood coagulation. In the USSR, the first penicillin was obtained by Z.V. Ermolieva in 1942. The development of methods for the biological synthesis of penicillin on a massive scale, its isolation and purification, clarification of the chemical nature, and the manufacture of drugs created the conditions for the medical use of antibiotics. During the war years, penicillin was used to treat complicated infected wounds and saved the lives of many Soviet soldiers.

Task number 3 - During the Great Patriotic War, a solution of 0,018 g of penicillin was used to treat the wounded (С 16 N 18 N 2 O 4 S) in 1 liter of glucose solution (density is 1 g / ml). Calculate the molar concentration (C, in moles per liter) of such a solution.

3. Summarizing

Our conversation has come to an end. In the next lesson, we will continue to discuss issues of the importance of chemistry in the modern world, but now, as a reflection of today's lesson, I will ask you to discuss the following problematic question: “Is chemistry a science more beneficial than harmful?” You have two fields on your worksheets - Arguments for and Arguments against. Give at least three arguments in each field. You can discuss this in pairs, and then talk together.

Work in pairs, individual - at the choice of students.

General discussion - express their opinion everything students

What is more significant - "Arguments" for "or" Arguments "against"?

On the board - sayings:

True science knows neither likes nor dislikes: its only purpose is truth. (Grove William)

The material successes that humanity owes to science are even the smallest of the benefits arising from its activities: it claims legitimate rights to an incomparably broader field, to the moral and social field. (Berthelot Pierre Eugene Marcelin)

So, I think that today each of you has become convinced that chemistry as a science, as well as substances, their interactions, the phenomena that accompany these interactions, not only benefit a person, but are an integral part of everyday life.

Common salt - sodium chloride NaCl is not without reason serves as an important component of food. This substance in the dissolved state is part of the blood and intercellular fluid. With severe bleeding, the volume of circulating blood is replenished with the so-called isotonic solution - 0.9% sodium chloride solution.

The well-known potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate KMnO 4) is one of such "mysterious natures." For those who are first acquainted with this substance, it presents many surprises: Potassium permanganate in solid form is a black-violet crystal that is well soluble in water. In medicine, aqueous solutions of potassium permanganate of various concentrations are used. For rinsing and washing the stomach in case of poisoning - 0.01-0.1% - e solutions of pale pink color, for washing the wounds - 0.1-0.5% - e (pink), For the treatment of ulcers and burns - 2- 5% e (purple). Potassium permanganate solutions are used to treat burns. A potassium permanganate will also help with a snakebite.

Iodine. The name was given to the new element in 1813 by the French chemist Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac () for the violet color of its vapor ("iodos" in Greek means "violet"). Sodium iodide from algae, interacting with sulfuric acid, releases iodine (I) ; at the same time, sulfur dioxide gas is formed - sulfur dioxide SO2: 2NaI + 2H2SO4 \u003d I2 + SO2 + Na2SO4 + 2H2O For a long time, iodine was not used in medicine.Only in 1904, the Russian military doctor Filonchikov put into practice 5-10% alcohol solutions of iodine for treatment of wounds.

Baking soda. This compound of NaHCO 3 (sodium bicarbonate) was first obtained in pure form by the French scientist Henri-Louis Duhamel de Monceau (). Later, chemists from different countries received this substance by passing carbon dioxide through an aqueous solution of soda - sodium carbonate. Alkaline solutions of drinking soda soften living tissues, so soda gargles of the throat and oral cavity contribute to the mechanical removal of the infection. It is even better to use soda - saline solutions with the addition of iodine. Soda baths (1 tablespoon of drinking soda per 1 liter of warm water) are good for softening corns on the hands and feet. They can be done 2-3 times a week. Dry burn soda is treated with fresh burns.

Ammonia is an aqueous solution of ammonia. The name "ammonia" comes from the name of the oasis Ammon and was assigned to this substance after 1787. Ammonia released from ammonia causes excitation of the respiratory centers. However, large amounts of ammonia can cause respiratory arrest. Ammonia is used as a first aid to remove a person from a swoon.

Proteins In the metabolic processes between the environment and the body, the leading place is occupied by the exchange of proteins. Proteins enter the body of humans and animals with various foods in which the protein content varies widely. Protein molecules are large, so they are called macromolecules. In addition to carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and iron may also be part of proteins. Proteins differ from each other in the number, composition and sequence of monomers. Protein monomers are amino acids.

Carbohydrates Carbohydrates (sugars) are one of the most important and common groups of natural organic compounds. They make up 80% of the dry matter of plants and about 2% of the dry matter of animal organisms. Animals and humans are not able to synthesize sugars and get them with various foods of plant origin. In plants, carbohydrates are formed from carbon dioxide and water in the process of a complex photosynthesis reaction, carried out due to solar energy with the participation of the green pigment of plants - chlorophyll.

Fats Fats form an essential part of our food. They are found in meat, fish, dairy products, grain. In any natural fat there are: phosphatides, sterols, vitamins, pigments and odor carriers. Usually, only a small part of the fat is stored in the reserve, but due to an improper lifestyle, the balance between the intake of substances and their expenditure is violated, which leads to obesity.

Cosmetics Today's cosmetic “products” are in great demand among women. Any kind of cosmetics has a very complex composition. Despite the fact that these products make girls and women even more beautiful, nevertheless they are chemicals that adversely affect the body! Natural beauty is better.

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Chemistry, with great potential, creates unprecedented materials, increases soil fertility, facilitates human labor, saves his time, puts on clothes, maintains his health, creates coziness and comfort, and changes the appearance of people. But the same chemistry can become dangerous to human health, even deadly.

Medications Hydrogen peroxide (H202) is an excellent antiseptic. However, if you mix up a 12% solution of nerokep with perhydrol (30% solution), you can get severe burns on the skin, mucous membranes. Ammonia (aqueous ammonia) excites the respiratory center, and large doses of ammonia can completely stop breathing. Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid, is one of the drugs that is widely used as an antipyretic, because is acid, then its excess can contribute to irritation of the gastric mucosa and the appearance of ulcers.

Means for controlling household insects Regularly cleaning the room, keeping dishes, stove, floors, linen in perfect cleanliness, you are still not guaranteed against the appearance of harmful household insects in the house. If they appeared, then insecticides for insect control come to the rescue. Insecticides are used in the form of solutions, emulsions, suspensions, aerosols.

   The development of the food industry Artificial food is cheaper, it is prepared and ready to eat. Its production allows us to solve the problems of some scarce products. For example, black caviar, salmon, various jellied dishes, chicken soup, meat and fish broth, marmalade of various varieties, juices.