Elizabeth Petrovna personality and years of reign presentation. Elizaveta Petrovna This presentation presents the biography of the Russian Empress Elizaveta Petrovna

Years of reign

The coup and the beginning of the reign, Elizabeth Petrovna survived the five emperors and empresses - Peter I, Catherine I, Peter II, Anna Ioannovna and Ivan VI. On the night of November 24–25, 1741, Ivan Antonovich was deprived of his throne as a result of a bloodless coup.

Economic Transformations Agricultural Development Industrial and Metallurgy Development The Empire Population Increased Strengthening the Role of the Nobility Removing Germans from High Ranks Restoring the Role of the Senate Introduction of “Conferences at the Highest Court” Introduction of Magistrates

Elizabethan favorites Elizabethan rule was famous for its favorites. Even before the reign, Elizabeth Petrovna had a great many lovers. The question arose about the tonsure of loving Elizabeth in the monastery. Officially, Elizaveta Petrovna remained unmarried, but in 1742, apparently, entered into a secret marriage with Alexei Grigoryevich Razumovsky.

The foreign policy of the country - The seven-year war. -War with Turkey

Elizaveta Petrovna in the history of Russia. Admittedly, Elizaveta Petrovna is considered a frivolous, cheerful empress who was fond of balls and masquerades and cared little for state affairs. Frederick II: A sensual woman who upset Russia's finances by messy housekeeping and personal expenses. N.M. Karamzin: Idle, voluptuous, could not well manage the state.

Chuprov L.A. MOU secondary school №3 s. Kamen-Fisherman of the Khankaisky district of Primorsky Krai

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6th All-Russian Empress November 25 (December 6) 1741 - December 25, 1761 (January 5, 1762) Coronation April 25 (May 6) 1742 Predecessor: Ivan VI Successor: Peter III Birth: December 18 (29) December 1709 p. Kolomenskoye Death: December 25, 1761 (January 5, 1762) St. Petersburg Palace at the Moika Dynasty: Romanovs Father: Peter I Mother: Catherine I Spouse: A. G. Razumovsky

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The domestic policy of Elizabeth Petrovna The cabinet was abolished The Senate, the Berg College, the Manufactory College, the Main Magistrate were reinstated The death penalty was abolished In 1746, only the nobles were given the right to own land and peasants In 1760, landowners received the right to exile peasants to Siberia. In 1755, factory peasants were fixed as permanent (job-oriented) workers in the Ural factories. Limited acquisition of the nobility on the "Table of Ranks"

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Russian nobles — the Shuvalovs, Vorontsovs, Razumovskys — have established themselves at the highest posts in the state. Founded: Academy of Fine Arts in St. Petersburg (1757). Moscow University (1755) A Noble Land Bank was established to support the nobility. The nobility will receive monopoly privileges on distillery. A bank was established for the merchants. The center of major operations was Makarievskaya Fair

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In 1754, the internal customs duties were abolished - washes. The customs tariff of 1757 established high duties on imported foreign goods. The production of paints in Russia began. Lomonosov founded a whole factory of multi-colored glass, and received a substantial loan from the state for this, and 200 serf showers for use. Factories for the production of silk, paper fabrics, trellis, hats appeared in Moscow, the first factory for thread lace appeared, national manufacturers began to produce velvet and taffeta

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The war with Sweden (1741-1743). It ended in a favorable world for Russia in the city of Abo. In this world, Sweden confirmed the results of the Northern War and ceded part of Finland to Russia. The Seven Years' War (1756 - 1763). 1. Prussia, 2. England 3. Portugal. The course of the war. The reason for Russia's entry into the war is a threat to Russia's interests in Poland and the Baltic States 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. France Spain Austria Sweden Saxony Russia 1757 Russia enters the war. Russian troops invaded East Prussia on August 19, 1757 near the village of Gross-Egersdorf, Russian troops under the command of S.F. Apraksin defeated the Prussian troops. On August 14, 1758, a major battle took place at the village of Zornsdorf. 1758 was taken by Koenigsberg.

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On July 23, 1759, near the village of Kunersdorf, Frederick's army was defeated. September 29, 1760 detachment of General Z.G. Chernysheva occupied Berlin, in 1761 the Kolsberg Fortress was captured. However, a change in the foreign policy of Russia in connection with the accession of Peter III in December 1761 brought to naught the successes of the Russian troops. Peter III, a great admirer of Frederick II, makes a separate peace with Prussia (April 24, 1762), returning to her all the conquered territories.

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In the battles of the Seven Years War, the formation of talented Russian commanders P.A. Rumyantseva and A.V. Suvorov. Suvorov A.V. Rumyantsev P.A.

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From childhood, Elizabeth enjoyed the love and care of her father, early learned to read and write, also studied French, the basics of history, and geography. She was cheerful, good-natured and at the same time moody and hot-tempered. More than anything, she loved secular entertainment: balls, dances, hunting, masquerades. Elizaveta Petrovna was reputed to be the first beauty of her time, she loved to dress up, never put on one dress twice and made sure that none of the court ladies were dressed or combed more beautifully than her or even appeared in a dress of the same material (after the death of the empress in her wardrobe

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After the death of her mother (1727), Elizabeth became close to the emperor Peter II, who, apparently, was in love with her. During the reign of Anna Ivanovna, the situation of Elizabeth became complicated, because the empress envied her beauty and saw in her a dangerous political rival. At the same time, she enjoyed great sympathy among the residents of St. Petersburg, especially the guard soldiers and officers who saw her as the heiress of Peter the Great. Since 1731, Aleksey Grigoryevich Razumovsky, a Ukrainian Cossack of origin, was admitted to the imperial chapel. According to contemporaries, he possessed an amazingly powerful bass and beautiful appearance. He was a brunette with a black very bushy beard, tall and broad-shouldered. The following year, Elizabeth noticed him and begged the empress. When Razumovsky lost his voice, she made him a bandurist, later instructed him to manage one of his estates, and then his entire court.

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Childhood Elizabeth was born in the village of Kolomenskoye on December 18, 1709. This day was solemn: Peter I drove to Moscow, wanting to celebrate his victory over Charles XII in the old capital; Swedish prisoners were taken after him. The sovereign intended to immediately celebrate the victory in Poltava, but when he entered the capital he was notified of the birth of his daughter. “We will postpone the celebration of victory and hurry to congratulate my daughter on entering the world,” he said. Peter found Catherine and the newborn baby healthy and, to celebrate, made a feast. Being only eight years old, Princess Elizabeth already attracted attention with her beauty. In 1717, both daughters, Anna and Elizabeth, met Peter, returning from abroad, dressed in Spanish attire. Then the French ambassador noticed that the youngest daughter of the sovereign seemed unusually beautiful in this outfit. The following 1718 assemblies were introduced, and both princesses appeared there in dresses of different colors embroidered with gold and silver, in headdresses shining with diamonds. Everyone admired the art of Elizabeth in dancing. In addition to being light in movement, she was distinguished by her resourcefulness and ingenuity, constantly inventing new figures.

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Education The education of the princess could not be particularly successful, especially since her mother was completely illiterate. But Elizabeth had a lively, insightful, cheerful and insinuating mind and great abilities. In addition to Russian, she perfectly studied French, German, Finnish and Swedish and had a beautiful handwriting. She was taught in French, and Catherine constantly maintained that there were important reasons for her to know French better than other subjects of study. This reason, as you know, was the strong desire of her parents to give Elizabeth for any of the persons of the French royal blood. In all other respects, Elizabeth’s training was not burdensome, she never received a decent systematic education. The princess herself, however, did not think to fill the gaps in her upbringing. She never read while spending time hunting, riding and boating, taking care of her beauty. Messy, bizarre, having no specific time for either sleeping or eating, hating any serious occupation, extremely familiar and then angry for some trifle, sometimes cursing the courtiers with the most mean words, but, usually, very kind and simple and wide hospitable.

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Before accession to the throne, Louis Caravac, After the marriage of her parents, she held the title of crown princess. The will of Catherine I of 1727 provided for the rights of Elizabeth and her offspring to the throne after Peter II and Anna Petrovna. In the last year of the reign of Catherine I and at the beginning of the reign of Peter II at the court, they talked a lot about the possibility of marriage between aunt and nephew, who were connected at that time by friendly relations. After the death of Peter II, betrothed to Ekaterina Dolgorukova, from smallpox in January 1730, Elizabeth, despite the will of Catherine I, was not actually considered as one of the pretenders to the throne, which was transferred to her cousin Anna Ioannovna. In her reign (1730-1740), Tsarevna Elizabeth was in disgrace; dissatisfied with Anna Ivanovna and Biron pinned great hopes on the daughter of Peter the Great.

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Accession to the throne Departure of Emperor Peter II and Tsarevna Elizaveta Petrovna for hunting. Hood. Valentin Serov, 1900, Russian Museum Taking advantage of the decline in authority and influence of the authorities during the regency of Anna Leopoldovna, on the night of November 25 (December 6), 1741, 32-year-old Elizaveta, accompanied by Count D. D. Khodov, life physician Lestok and her music teacher Schwartz raised the Grenadier Company of the Preobrazhensky Regiment. From the barracks everyone moved to the Winter Palace. Having met no resistance, with the help of 308 faithful guards, she proclaimed herself the new tsarina, ordering to imprison the minor Ivan VI in the fortress and arrest the entire Braunschweig surname (relatives of Anna Ioannovna, including regency Ivan VI - Anna Leopoldovna) and her followers. The favorites of the former empress Minich, Levenwold and Osterman were sentenced to death, replaced by exile in Siberia - in order to show Europe the tolerance of the new autocrat

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Reign Under Elizabeth, military schools were reorganized. In 1744, a decree was issued to expand the network of primary schools. The first gymnasiums were opened: in Moscow (1755) and Kazan (1758). In 1755, at the initiative of I. I. Shuvalov, Moscow University was founded, and in 1760 - the Academy of Arts. August 30, 1756 - a decree was signed on the beginning of the creation of the structure of the Imperial Theaters of Russia. Outstanding cultural monuments were created (Tsarskoye Selo Catherine Palace, etc.). Support was provided to M.V. Lomonosov and other representatives of Russian science and culture. In the last period of the reign, Elizabeth was less concerned with public administration issues, having entrusted it to P.I. and I.I. Shuvalov, M.I. and R.I. Vorontsov and others. On November 19, 1742, Elizabeth signed a decree on the destruction of all mosques in the territory Kazan province and preventing the construction of new ones. Bishop Luka (Konashevich) began feverish execution of the Decree - 418 out of 536 mosques in Kazan district were destroyed within two years

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Russian-Swedish war (1741-1743) In 1740, the Prussian king Frederick II decided to use the death of the Austrian emperor Charles VI to capture Silesia. The war for the Austrian inheritance began. Hostile to Austria, Prussia and France tried to persuade Russia to take part in the conflict on their side, but they were also satisfied with non-interference in the war. Russian troops under the command of General Lassi defeated the Swedes in Finland and occupied its territory. The Abo Peace Treaty (Abo Peace) of 1743 ended the war. The treaty was signed on August 7, 1743 in the city of Abo (now Turku, Finland) by Russia A.I. Rumyantsev and I. Lyuberas, by Sweden G. Zederkreis and E. M. Nolken. 21 articles of the peace treatise established between the countries an eternal the world and obliged them not to enter into hostile alliances. The Nishtadt Peace Treaty of 1721 was confirmed. The Kyumenegorsk province with the cities of Friedrichsham and Wilmanstrand, part of the Savolak province with the city of Neyshlot, departed to Russia. The border runs along the river. Kummen

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The Seven Years' War (1756-1763) In 1756-1763 there was an Anglo-French war for the colonies. Two coalitions participated in the war: Prussia, England and Portugal against France, Spain, Austria, Sweden and Saxony with the participation of Russia. In 1756, Frederick II attacked Saxony without declaring war. In the summer of that year, forced her to capitulate. September 1, 1756, Russia declared war on Prussia. In 1757, Frederick defeated the Austrian and French troops and sent the main forces against Russia. In the summer of 1757, the Russian army under the command of Apraksin entered East Prussia. On August 19, the Russian army was surrounded at vil. Gross-Jägersdorf and only with the support of the reserve brigade P. A. Rumyantsev broke out of the encirclement. The enemy lost 8 thousand people. and stepped back. Apraksin did not organize the persecution, and he himself retreated to Courland. Elizabeth suspended him and put him under investigation. The new commander was appointed Englishman V.V. Fermor. In December 1761, Elizabeth died of throat bleeding due to a chronic illness unidentified by the medicine of those times. Peter III ascended the throne. The new emperor returned to Frederick all the conquered lands and even offered military assistance. Only a new palace coup and the accession to the throne of Catherine II prevented the military operations of Russia against the former allies - Austria and Sweden.

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Personal life The reign of Elizabeth is a period of luxury and excess. At the court, masked balls were regularly held, and in the first ten years - the so-called "metamorphoses", when the ladies dressed up in men's suits and men dressed up in ladies' suits. Elizaveta Petrovna herself set the tone and was a trendsetter. The Empress’s wardrobe totaled up to 15 thousand dresses. Elizaveta Petrovna loved that especially trusted and close ladies scratched her heels before going to bed. Many noble ladies sought this mercy, but not everyone was honored with such a high honor. Among those entrusted with this were Mavra Shuvalova, the Empress’s friend and wife of the most important dignitary of the empire, Pyotr Shuvalov, Shuvalov’s sister Elizabeth, the wife of Chancellor Mikhail Vorontsov, the widow of Admiral Ivan Golovin Maria Bogdanovna.

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Elizaveta Petrovna (December 18, 1709, Kolomenskoye - December 25, 1761, St. Petersburg) - Russian Empress from November 25 (December 6), 1741 from the Romanov dynasty, daughter of Peter I and Catherine I.

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Childhood Elizabeth was born in the village of Kolomenskoye on December 18, 1709. This day was solemn: Peter I drove to Moscow, wanting to celebrate his victory over Charles XII in the old capital; Swedish prisoners were taken after him. The sovereign intended to immediately celebrate the victory in Poltava, but when he entered the capital he was notified of the birth of his daughter. “We will postpone the celebration of victory and hurry to congratulate my daughter on entering the world,” he said. Peter found Catherine and the newborn baby healthy and, to celebrate, made a feast. Being only eight years old, Princess Elizabeth already attracted attention with her beauty. In 1717, both daughters, Anna and Elizabeth, met Peter, returning from abroad, dressed in Spanish attire. Then the French ambassador noticed that the youngest daughter of the sovereign seemed unusually beautiful in this outfit. The following 1718 assemblies were introduced, and both princesses appeared there in dresses of different colors embroidered with gold and silver, in headdresses shining with diamonds. Everyone admired the art of Elizabeth in dancing. In addition to being light in movement, she was distinguished by her resourcefulness and ingenuity, constantly inventing new figures.

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Education The education of the princess could not be particularly successful, especially since her mother was completely illiterate. But Elizabeth had a lively, insightful, cheerful and insinuating mind and great abilities. In addition to Russian, she perfectly studied French, German, Finnish and Swedish and had a beautiful handwriting. She was taught in French, and Catherine constantly maintained that there were important reasons for her to know French better than other subjects of study. This reason, as you know, was the strong desire of her parents to marry Elizabeth for any of the persons of the French royal blood. In all other respects, Elizabeth’s training was not burdensome, she never received a decent systematic education. The princess herself, however, did not think to fill the gaps in her upbringing. She never read while spending time hunting, riding and boating, taking care of her beauty. Messy, bizarre, having no specific time for either sleeping or eating, hating any serious occupation, extremely familiar and then angry for a trifle, sometimes cursing the courtiers with the most mean words, but usually very kind and simple and wide hospitable.

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Before accession to the throne, Louis Caravac, After the marriage of her parents, she held the title of crown princess. The will of Catherine I of 1727 provided for the rights of Elizabeth and her offspring to the throne after Peter II and Anna Petrovna. In the last year of the reign of Catherine I and at the beginning of the reign of Peter II at the court, they talked a lot about the possibility of marriage between aunt and nephew, who were connected at that time by friendly relations. After the death of Peter II, betrothed to Ekaterina Dolgorukova, from smallpox in January 1730, Elizabeth, despite the will of Catherine I, was not actually considered as one of the pretenders to the throne, which was transferred to her cousin Anna Ioannovna. In her reign (1730-1740), Tsarevna Elizabeth was in disgrace; dissatisfied with Anna Ivanovna and Biron pinned great hopes on the daughter of Peter the Great.

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Accession to the throne Departure of Emperor Peter II and Tsarevna Elizaveta Petrovna for hunting. Hood. Valentin Serov, 1900, Russian Museum Taking advantage of the decline in authority and influence of the authorities during the regency of Anna Leopoldovna, on the night of November 25 (December 6), 1741, 32-year-old Elizabeth, accompanied by Count D. D. Khodov, life physician Lestok and her music teacher Schwartz raised the Grenadier Company of the Preobrazhensky Regiment. From the barracks everyone moved to the Winter Palace. Having met no resistance, with the help of 308 faithful guards, she proclaimed herself the new queen, ordering to imprison the minor Ivan VI and arrest the entire Braunschweig family (relatives of Anna Ioannovna, including regent Ivan VI - Anna Leopoldovna) and her followers. The favorites of the former empress Minich, Levenwold and Osterman were sentenced to death, replaced by exile in Siberia - in order to show Europe the tolerance of the new autocrat

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Reign Under Elizabeth, military schools were reorganized. In 1744, a decree was issued to expand the network of primary schools. The first gymnasiums were opened: in Moscow (1755) and Kazan (1758). In 1755, at the initiative of I. I. Shuvalov, Moscow University was founded, and in 1760 - the Academy of Arts. August 30, 1756 - a decree was signed on the beginning of the creation of the structure of the Imperial Theaters of Russia. Outstanding cultural monuments were created (Tsarskoye Selo Catherine Palace, etc.). Support was provided to M.V. Lomonosov and other representatives of Russian science and culture. In the last period of the reign, Elizabeth was less concerned with public administration issues, having entrusted it to P.I. and I.I. Shuvalov, M.I. and R.I. Vorontsov and others. On November 19, 1742, Elizabeth signed a decree on the destruction of all mosques in the territory Kazan province and preventing the construction of new ones. Bishop Luka (Konashevich) began feverish execution of the Decree - 418 out of 536 mosques in Kazan district were destroyed within two years

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Russian-Swedish war (1741-1743) In 1740, the Prussian king Frederick II decided to use the death of the Austrian emperor Charles VI to capture Silesia. The war for the Austrian inheritance began. Hostile to Austria, Prussia and France tried to persuade Russia to take part in the conflict on their side, but they were also satisfied with non-interference in the war. Russian troops under the command of General Lassi defeated the Swedes in Finland and occupied its territory. The Abo Peace Treaty (Abo Peace) of 1743 ended the war. The treaty was signed on August 7, 1743 in the city of Abo (now Turku, Finland) by Russia A.I. Rumyantsev and I. Lyuberas, by Sweden G. Zederkreis and E. M. Nolken. 21 articles of the peace treatise established between the countries an eternal the world and obliged them not to enter into hostile alliances. The Nishtadt Peace Treaty of 1721 was confirmed. The Kyumenegorsk province with the cities of Friedrichsham and Wilmanstrand, part of the Savolak province with the city of Neyshlot, departed to Russia. The border runs along the river. Kummen

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The Seven Years' War (1756-1763) In 1756-1763 there was an Anglo-French war for the colonies. Two coalitions participated in the war: Prussia, England and Portugal against France, Spain, Austria, Sweden and Saxony with the participation of Russia. In 1756, Frederick II attacked Saxony without declaring war. In the summer of that year, forced her to capitulate. September 1, 1756, Russia declared war on Prussia. In 1757, Frederick defeated the Austrian and French troops and sent the main forces against Russia. In the summer of 1757, the Russian army under the command of Apraksin entered East Prussia. On August 19, the Russian army was surrounded at vil. Gross-Jägersdorf and only with the support of the reserve brigade P. A. Rumyantsev broke out of the encirclement. The enemy lost 8 thousand people. and stepped back. Apraksin did not organize the persecution, and he himself retreated to Courland. Elizabeth suspended him and put him under investigation. The new commander was appointed Englishman V.V. Fermor. In December 1761, Elizabeth died of throat bleeding due to a chronic illness unidentified by the medicine of those times. Peter III ascended the throne. The new emperor returned to Frederick all the conquered lands and even offered military assistance. Only a new palace coup and the accession to the throne of Catherine II prevented the military operations of Russia against the former allies - Austria and Sweden.

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Personal life The reign of Elizabeth is a period of luxury and excess. At the court, masked balls were regularly held, and in the first ten years - the so-called "metamorphoses", when the ladies dressed up in men's suits and men dressed up in ladies' suits. Elizaveta Petrovna herself set the tone and was a trendsetter. The Empress’s wardrobe totaled up to 15 thousand dresses. Elizaveta Petrovna loved that especially trusted and close ladies scratched her heels before going to bed. Many noble ladies sought this mercy, but not everyone was honored with such a high honor. Among those entrusted with this were Mavra Shuvalova, the Empress’s friend and wife of the most important dignitary of the empire, Pyotr Shuvalov, Shuvalov’s sister Elizabeth, the wife of Chancellor Mikhail Vorontsov, the widow of Admiral Ivan Golovin Maria Bogdanovna.

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Resources used http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4 http: // images.yandex.ru/ site

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