At the moment, most browsers display sites, independently decrypting and correcting the mistakes of webmasters. However, you need to be careful when writing HTML - you must follow the rules of validity, because the correct layout is important for optimizing the site, and will also help to keep your mind open to users who open your site in earlier browsers.

Use

Element   located on the first line of any HTML page. It determines the version of the markup language that is used on the page. At the moment, it is recommended to use a doctype of the form   - It is universal for any version of the language.

Use the correct document structure

Tags , ,   must always be present in the code, this makes the page compatible with the standards and ensures that it will be displayed correctly.

Wrong

hello world!

Correctly

hello world!

Define technical page information correctly

Meta tags and styles should be specified in , not somewhere in the body of the page. Scripts are preferably included at the bottom of the page before the closing tag. The advantage of this approach is that until the content of the page is displayed, the browser only loads the styles, and it loads the scripts last, which allows the user to quickly see the contents of the page.

Wrong

Correctly

Follow markup standards

Use elements according to their semantics

Check the html code for validity

Use alternate text for images

Images should always include the alt attribute. The browser relies on this attribute to provide context for the image. The alt attribute must contain text that will be displayed if the picture has not loaded.

Wrong

Correctly

Do not use styles in HTML markup

This creates pages that load too long and are difficult to maintain. List all styles in a separate CSS document. Try to use the tag and style attribute to a minimum.

Write comments

Comment out the code, but don't overdo it. Comments that are concise and concise can be excellent help for other developers, as well as an important reminder for you after some time.

Example:

Use appropriate class names

Name the css classes according to the content of the block, for example: header - header, footer - footer, menu - menu, content - content. This will make the code much clearer and easier to maintain.

Bad code

• Menu item 1


• Menu item 2


• Menu item 3

Good code

• Menu item 1


• Menu item 2


• Menu item 3

CSS Writing Rules

There are also rules in css, following which you can keep the code simple, easy to read, and well organized.

Reset default browser styles

They can interfere with the styles that we really want to apply. You can download the file to reset the standard browser styles here - reset.css.

Use shorthand properties and values

Bad code

padding-top: 5px;
  padding-right: 10px;
  padding-bottom: 15px;
  padding-left: 20px;

Good code

padding: 5px 10px 15px 20px;

Specify selectors and rules from a new line

Bad code

Element (display: block; position: relative; padding: 5px 10px 15px 20px;)

Good code

Element (
  display: block;
  position: relative;
  padding: 5px 10px 15px 20px;
}

Specify zero values \u200b\u200bwithout units

Bad code

padding: 10px 0px;
  margin-left: 0%;

Good code

padding: 10px 0;
  margin-left: 0;

Write comments

Separate the main blocks with comments, this will improve the readability of the code.

Example:

/ * HEADER * /
  header (
}
  / * HEADER END * /

  / * MAIN * /
  main (
}
  / * MAIN END * /

  / * FOOTER * /
  footer (
}
  / * FOOTER END * /

Check css code for validity

Conclusion

These recommendations and rules are just the basics, as the HTML and CSS languages \u200b\u200bare developing faster, new methods are being developed to write the correct code. By following our recommendations, you will be sure that your code is simple, easy to read, and optimized. And also get +100 karma and thanks from developers who have to work on the site after you.

World of Tanks ( World of Tanks, WOT) - A cult game that replaced the famous MORTAL KOMBAT and Contre. Initially ignoring the toy, I signed up. The game is interesting, dynamic, exceeded expectations. There are plenty of manuals and guide-books on the game, video - even more. The YouTube service is clogged with the gameplay of beautiful battles of famous tankers.

[eng. guide - landmark, guide, guide]

Wot   demanding on the quality of the Internet connection and the state of computer hardware. Even on a decent computer without regular driver updates, it's hard to play. Tanks jump and twitch. The silhouette of the tank and the battle picture are fuzzy, impossible to aim. Four times I rearranged Windows and firewood video cards, found a suitable option.

Break / Decrease in speed / network connection in the game is a disaster. There is no need to keep extra Internet software on a computer. Updating, he treacherously devours tank traffic at the most inappropriate combat moment.

Training ground   and Young fighter course   passed. Received prize capital in the form of game gold and loans. That's right.

Rushed into battle, for glorious victories, naively relying on luck and luck. First mistake! World of Tanks is a leisurely game, victory loves cold-blooded, and luck loves calculating.

He bought tanks, number forty-seven. The second mistake! I bought equipment without a lot, a lot. There is really nothing to play.

He began to buy expensive shells and equipment. The third mistake! Expensive shells and equipment give a minimum advantage in battle, and game currency melts before our eyes. Money needs to be saved.

Buying equipment, the crews demobilized. The fourth mistake! At the first level, 100% crews, they need to be protected. Downloading the crew is a tedious task, but with a pumped crew the tank plays much better.

Without a thorough analysis - playing is impossible.

A year after registration, he returned to the first level to sort equipment and select the optimal hangar. Tanks are not equivalent in battle style. The style of battle is individual for each player. The technical specifications of the tank are highlighted before and after purchase. Characteristics of the machine (TTX) - conventionality. To pick up a tank without a personal battle is an unrealistic activity. The conclusion is to play in turn, selling unsuitable cars and leaving your favorite tanks in the hangar. Fortunately, forty-seven slots allow. Downloading tanks in forty-seven slots is a long business. Not in a hurry! The battle without a king in my head is not mine.

Returning to the first level surprised after registering an account World of tanks   for the wife. Watching her play, I saw the difference. In the freshly baked account of the wife (newcomer), “crayfish” really crawl on the first level. I tell my wife (newcomer) the fighting techniques, I win the battle and earn orders unmeasured. Another thing, native account (12,000 battles). Here, on the first level, such dashing guys are chopped! Apparently the Great Belarusian Random ( FBG) selecting a platoon for battle, takes into account the player’s experience, his game rating. Not to be confused with the deer. The player’s rating for selecting a platoon in the FBG is somewhat different and not everyone knows it. Unlike the deer available for public viewing. Opponent platoons in the FBG are manned according to the principle of world equality. A platoon of players with stripes and in the clan, at the first level, will never play with the "crayfish" (beginners).

Returning to the first level had an interesting result. Completing and optimizing the tank hangar, he began to study the map. It is impossible to play effectively without knowing the card. Stumbling in the folds of the terrain, I realized the meaning of the game of tank destroyers and artillery.

With a new passion, he plunged into his favorite game. I made it a rule to play no more than ten fights a day. World of tanks   really addictive. I will go to a new level - I will share my impressions. One thing is clear - the game is serious and requires a serious attitude. Breaking a bull lined with enemy cannons will not roll. I do not agree that in Wot   each for himself, this is a collective game.

P.S. Notebook to your beloved.
I do not pretend to laurels of a super-tanker.

The article is not entirely relevant.
In 10.2 and above, the ability to rename a page with site rules directly in the admin panel of the engine is added when editing the text of the rules directly. However, the page with the site’s rules remained. It exists and is located on any DLE website at http: //my_site/rules.html
How to squeeze out all the juices from this address - read on

  Site rules page in CMS DLE

The site rules page in is a system static page. It is processed by the engine and generated just like a regular static page. It’s just impossible to delete it - it is not provided by the developer of the engine. Even if the site rules themselves are turned off for display during registration, then the page with the site rules is always available at http: //my_site/rules.html The first search engine that finds it there will start to puke and spit on the text and name. It is not surprising. Indeed, on all sites DLE - the same thing.

When a page with site rules falls into the site map, it is regarded by the search engine as “garbage” and is not taken into the search index, because the site rules are almost the same everywhere. Therefore, the page with site rules in DLE, by default, is prohibited (closed) from search indexing in a file ( disallow string: /rules.html).

  The uniqueness of the "Site Rules"

Personally, my opinion about the page with the site’s rules and about its uniqueness is atavism, which distracts the user's attention during registration. Site rules are a rudimentary process, the uselessness of which has been successfully proved by the organizers of social networks.

No, well, did someone see on Facebook or on Twitter some formidable or special rules when registering? Or maybe - on Vkontakte and Odnoklassniki they are? That's it!

And some website, with a visitor in 1000 unique -
begins to write their own unique rules for users.
As for me, the best rules on the site are their complete absence.
If the user is normal and adequate, he understands everything.

  No page - no problem

It's no secret that blocking pages and directories from search indexing is not a panacea. One way or another, any page of a site will sooner or later be “chewed” by a search engine. For example, take the same Yandex. His search robots pump out from the site absolutely everything that they can only find and only then - they will start sorting and thinking whether to return pages to the search or not. This is quite obvious, despite the touching assurances of Yandex that he and his robots do not download excess material from the site. Like, if a web page is closed from indexing, then Yandex saves only its address marked , or   (who closes how).

Rather than bumping and blocking the “garbage” page with site rules from search indexing, it’s much better to redo it for some other useful thing and open it to search engines - let them calm down. Or, at least just write your behavior on the site and, again, admit search engines to the page.

  We open site rules for search engines

We take a bold step and open the search engines access to the site rules page. To do this, in our file we find the line Disallow: /rules.html and delete its nafik. It is done! Now, any search robot can officially get into the open "Site Rules" and of course - say "Fe-e!" and "Be-e!". To prevent this from happening, we redo the "Site Rules" page - insert our unique text on any topic, pictures and change the name (title) of the page.

  Editing the "Rules on the site" page

Editing a page with site rules is available in the admin panel of the DLE engine, in the "List of all sections" - "Rules on the site" section. Editing the page "Rules on the site" is performed, as for any other static page - in the normal mode of operation of the visual text editor. Here problems can only be with writing a unique text and selection of unique pictures. A little higher, there is a special window for introducing the title (title) for the updated page. But, such an innovation appeared in, starting with version 10.2.

To rename the site rules page
in older models of the engine -
you will need to delve into its system files.

  Renaming the "Rules on the site" page
(for CMS DLE 10.1 and below)

Direct renaming of the “Rules on the site” page itself is done in the adminpanel.lng file, which is located in the language / Russian / adminpanel.lng folder. The adminpanel.lng file is a DLE engine system file. To edit it, go to your server (otherwise - no way).

Open the adminpanel.lng file.
We are looking for a string
  "rules_edit" \u003d\u003e "General rules on the site"
We change the words "General rules on the site" to its new name. We close. Save. (You can only change the Cyrillic alphabet, which is located between the quotation marks. Otherwise, it generally stops working.)

Range- this is a fairly large population, united by some common feature (raw materials, purpose, producer, etc.), differing from each other in other ways. Distinguish between industrial and commercial, simple and complex, combined and mixed, detailed and enlarged assortment of goods.

Industrial Assortment   is a collection of products manufactured separately or separately.

Trading Assortment   - the totality of goods sold in the distribution network. - this is the set of all (s) involved in the sale of goods. The trading assortment includes a set of goods manufactured by both domestic and foreign manufacturers. It is more diverse than the industrial range.

The assortment of goods presented at the trade enterprise determines its type (department store, supermarket) and the form of trade service. In addition, in stores of the same type, but with different sales areas, the assortment will differ in the number of groups and types of goods. In this case, trading enterprises will be divided into universal and specialized stores with combined and mixed assortment.

Given the complexity of distinguishing between a simple and complex range of products.

Those types of goods that are classified by no more than three characteristics will amount to simple range of goods   (vegetables, salt, laundry soap, etc.).

Those types of goods that are classified into varieties for more than three characteristics, in total, will be complex assortment of goods   (shoes, clothes, etc.).

The enlarged assortmentdetermined by the ratio of individual product groups. A group of goods should be united according to a number of signs: production method, purpose, design features, etc. Detailed assortment   determined by the varieties of goods presented.

Combined assortment - a set of several groups of goods for various purposes, which are connected by a common demand and satisfy individual needs. For example, in the store "Men's Clothing" sold a combined assortment.

Mixed assortment   - a set of non-food and food products of various groups. A mixed assortment is usually represented by the largest number of groups and types of goods.

The main characteristics of the assortment of goods

The main indicators of the assortment are structure, completeness, depth, stability, novelty.

Assortment Structure

Assortment Structure   - this is the percentage of certain product groups to their total number.

Indicators of the structure of the assortment are often expressed as a percentage. For example, the percentage of shirts, suits, and other products determines the specific structure of the assortment in the store "Men's Clothing".

Breadth of assortment

Breadth of assortment   is determined by the number of product groups and is estimated by the latitude coefficient:

K W \u003d G f / G n

• where G f - the number of groups of goods at the time of determination, units .; G n - the total number of product groups, units

Range of products

Range of products   - this is the correspondence of the actual availability of types of goods to the developed assortment list, existing demand.

Express the completeness of the assortment through the coefficient of completeness To p assortment, which is determined by the formula:

K p \u003d V f / V n

• where In f - the actual number of types of goods at the time of the survey (verification), units; In n - the number of species provided by the assortment list, supply contract, standards, etc., units

Assortment depth

Assortment depth   determined by the number of varieties of goods for each item. The depth coefficient of the assortment is estimated by the formula:

K g \u003d R f / R n

• where R f - the actual number of varieties of goods at the time of verification, units; R n - the number of varieties provided for by the assortment list, terms of the contract, price lists, etc., units

Assortment sustainability

Sustainability   (stability) characterizes the constant availability of goods of the corresponding type (variety) on sale. The stability coefficient K y is determined by the formula:

K y \u003d 1 - (P "f1 + P" f2 + ... + P "fn / P n× n)

• where P "f1, P" f2, ..., P "fn - the actual number of varieties (types) of goods from those provided by the assortment list and not available for sale at the time of individual inspections, units; R n - the number of varieties (types) of goods provided by the assortment list, units; n - number of inspections.

The assortment stability coefficient, as a rule, is determined for a specific period (month, quarter, year). It was established that the optimal assortment stability coefficient should be expressed by the following values: for department stores - 0.80; for specialized stores - 0.75.

Assortment novelty

Novelty   characterizes the appearance of new varieties of goods for a certain period of time and is estimated by the novelty coefficient K about:

K o \u003d P o / R f

• where P about - the number of new varieties of goods that appeared at the time of verification, units; R f - the average number of varieties, units

The coefficient of novelty characterizes the degree of updating the assortment, the appearance of new products.

HTML basics   contain the basic rules of the HTML language, a description of the structure of the HTML page, relationships in the structure of the HTML document between HTML elements.

An HTML document is a plain text document, it can be created as in a plain text editor (Notebook), and in specialized, with code highlighting (Notepad ++, Visual Studio Code, etc.). The HTML document has the extension .html.

An HTML document consists of a tree of HTML elements and text. Each element is indicated in the source document by the start (opening) and end (closing) tag (with rare exceptions).

Start tag   shows where the element begins, the final - where it ends. Closing tag   formed by adding a slash / before the tag name:<имя тега> …   . Between the start and end tags is the content of the tag - the content.

Single tags cannot store content directly, it is registered as an attribute value, for example, a tag   will create a button with text Button   inside.

Tags can be nested, for example,

Text

Text

HTML elements can have attributes (global, applied to all HTML elements, and their own). Attributes are registered in the opening tag of the element and contain the name and value specified in the format attribute name \u003d "value". Attributes allow you to change the properties and behavior of the element for which they are set.

Each element can be assigned several class values \u200b\u200band only one id value. Multiple class values \u200b\u200bare written with a space,

  . The class and id values \u200b\u200bmust consist only of letters, numbers, hyphens, and underscores and must begin only with letters or numbers.

The browser views (interprets) the HTML document, building its structure (DOM) and displaying it in accordance with the instructions included in this file (style sheets, scripts). If the markup is correct, then an HTML page will be displayed in the browser window containing HTML elements - headers, tables, images, etc.

Interpretation process (parsing)   starts before the webpage is fully loaded into the browser. Browsers process HTML documents sequentially, from the very beginning, while processing CSS and correlating stylesheets with page elements.

An HTML document consists of two sections - a header - between tags …   and content - between tags … .

Web page structure

1. The structure of the HTML document

HTML follows the rules contained in a document type declaration file (Document Type Definition, or DTD). A DTD is an XML document that defines which tags, attributes, and their values \u200b\u200bare valid for a particular type of HTML. Each version of HTML has its own DTD.

DOCTYPE   responsible for the correct display of the web page by the browser. DOCTYPE defines not only the HTML version (for example, html), but also the corresponding DTD file on the Internet.

Items inside a tag   form a document tree, the so-called document object model, DOM (document object model). In this case, the element   is the root element.

  Fig. 1. The simplest web page structure

To understand the interaction of web page elements, you need to consider the so-called “Kinship”   between the elements. Relations between multiple nested elements are divided into parent, child and sister.

Ancestor   - an element that contains other elements. In Figure 1, the ancestor for all elements is   . At the same time, the item   is the ancestor for all the tags contained in it:

,

, ,